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Uniform Motion

Uniform Motion. t = 1 s. t = 0. t = 2 s. t = 3 s. t = 7 s. t = 4 s. t = 5 s. t = 6 s. t = 8 s. Non-uniform motion. t = 1 s. t = 3 s. t = 9 s. t = 0. t = 2 s. t = 4 s. t = 5 s. t = 8 s. t = 6 s. t = 7 s. What is the velocity at t = 5.5 s?. t = 1 s. t = 3 s. t = 9 s. t = 0.

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Uniform Motion

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  1. Uniform Motion t = 1 s t = 0 t = 2 s t = 3 s t = 7 s t = 4 s t = 5 s t = 6 s t = 8 s

  2. Non-uniform motion t = 1 s t = 3 s t = 9 s t = 0 t = 2 s t = 4 s t = 5 s t = 8 s t = 6 s t = 7 s

  3. What is the velocity at t = 5.5 s? t = 1 s t = 3 s t = 9 s t = 0 t = 2 s t = 4 s t = 5 s t = 8 s t = 6 s t = 7 s • All we know from the given data is the average velocity between t = 5.0 and t = 6.0 s. • Measure the object’s position at a smaller time interval, like t = 5.4 s and t = 5.6 s. • Better yet, use t = 5.49 s and t = 5.51 s. • The velocity at the instant t = 5.5 s is approximately equal to the average velocity during a small time interval from t = 5.49 s to t = 5.51 s. But the best we can do with the given data is guess. PHY211 Dr. Aaron Titus

  4. Instantaneous Velocity • The velocity at an instant of time is called instantaneous velocity. • It is approximately equal to the average velocity measured during a very small time interval.

  5. Position vs. time graph

  6. Position vs. time graph

  7. Position vs. time graph -Slope of a tangent line on an x vs. t graph is instantaneous velocity. -Sign of slope (pos or neg) is direction of motion. -How slope changes tells you whether it is speeding up or slowing down.

  8. Example Describe the motion of the object whose x vs. t graph is shown below.

  9. Example Describe the motion of the object whose x vs. t graph is shown below.

  10. Velocity vs. time graph

  11. Velocity vs. time graph

  12. Velocity vs. time graph -Slope of v vs. t graph is acceleration. -acceleration is the rate that the object speeds up or slows down. -if slope is constant, then the motion is characterized by constant acceleration

  13. Example Describe the motion of the object whose v vs. t graph is shown below.

  14. Example Describe the motion of the object whose v vs. t graph is shown below.

  15. Example Describe the motion of the object whose v vs. t graph is shown below.

  16. Observations If the object’s velocity is positive and the object speeds up, its acceleration is: positive negative zero

  17. Observations If the object’s velocity is positive and the object slows down, its acceleration is: positive negative zero

  18. Observations If the object’s velocity is negative and the object slows down, its acceleration is: positive negative zero

  19. Observations If the object’s velocity is positive and the object speeds up, its acceleration is: positive negative zero

  20. Matching position and velocity graphs Note what is being plotted in a given graph. Describe the motion in words or with a diagram. Sketch (or match) the graph that matches the motion diagram or verbal description of the motion.

  21. The graph at left shows a moving object’s velocityv vs clock reading t. One of the graphs below shows the object’s positionx plotted vs t over the same time interval. Which one is it? v 0 t A B C x x x 0 0 0 t t t D E x x 0 0 t t

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