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The Rise of Dictators and World War II: A Historical Overview

Explore the causes of WWII in Europe, including Hitler's aggressive foreign policy, the Treaty of Versailles, and the events leading to the war. Discover how dictators like Mussolini, Hitler, and Stalin sought to expand territory and the impact of appeasement policies. Learn about key battles and alliances that shaped the course of the war, from the invasion of Poland to the Battle of Britain. Understand the shift in warfare tactics from WWI to WWII, and the implications of U.S. isolationism during the conflict.

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The Rise of Dictators and World War II: A Historical Overview

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  1. Chapter 13 The Rise of Dictators and World War II1931-1945 • 61 Nations involved in WWII • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_T0hKmtMtSg • Play as students enter the room. Sink The Bismarck-Johnny Horton • .

  2. What caused WWII in Europe? • Germany wanted back what she lost from WWI, and revenge • Appeasement – Great Britain and France gave Hitler land w/o fighting for it. • Hitler was racist; he invaded countries simply to kill the Jews living there.

  3. The main points of the Treaty [BRAT]   1.   Germany had to accept the Blame for starting the war 2.     Germany paid Reparations for the damage done during the war. Treaty of Versailles – end of WWI

  4. Versailles cont. . • 3.     Germany was forbidden to have submarines or an air force.   She could have a navy of only six battleships, and an Army of just 100,000 men.  

  5. Versailles • 4.     Germany lost Territory (land) in Europe (see map). Germany’s colonies were given to Britain and France.

  6. Section 1The Rise of the Dictators

  7. http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir1/war2act.shtmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/mwh/ir1/war2act.shtml Road to World War II Online Game for class to play on Smartboard. Hitler had an aggressive foreign policy and disagreed with the Treaty of Versailles. Find out more about the events which led up to the war.

  8. Mussolini, Hitler, and StalinFascism- Mussolini of Italy started this political movement which preached an extreme form of nationalism and patriotism that was often linked with racism.

  9. NAZIS Elected to Power! • Nazis promised to build up Germany’s army and they wanted revenge for WWI

  10. Hitler Led the Nazi Party • The Nazis won control of the government and then Hitler overthrew the constitution in 1933. He called himself der Fuhrer, or “the Leader.”

  11. Japan wanted China and the USSR. • Japan is an island, and not a big one. • They wanted more living space and resources for their “superior” people.

  12. Japan Needed Oil Reserves Japan invaded Manchuria, China in 1931 for more oil and land resources.

  13. Dictators Seek to Expand Territory 1935-Italy attacked Ethiopia because Italians thought they deserved more territory at the end of WW I. (dissatisfied by the peace treaties)

  14. Germany Wants New Territory Too • In 1935, Hitler moved troops into the Rhineland a region of Germany along the French border. • Under the Treaty of Versailles, the Rhineland was to remain free of German forces.

  15. In 1936, Hitler and Mussolini formed an alliance known as the Rome-Berlin Axis. • That’s how the name, Axis, came about.

  16. In 1938, Hitler invaded Austria. Then he wanted the Sudetenland, a region of Czechoslovakia. France and Russia pledged to support Czechoslovakia. Britainstepped in to help and got Hitler to sign an agreement.

  17. Appeasement at Munich1938The Munich Agreement was an example of the British and French policy known as appeasement. Under this policy, they met Germany’s demands in order to avoid war.Neville Chamberlain PM of England declared he had “achieved peace in our time.”

  18. WRONGIt wasn’t worth the paper it was written on.

  19. Appeasement – Hitler wanted land. Britain and France let him have it without war.

  20. 6 Months LaterHitler conquered the rest of CzechoslovakiaThen…

  21. Germany Starts the WarHitler threatens to take Poland. Britain and France warn that attack would mean war. They assume they have an ally in Stalin because the Soviet Union and Germany were enemies. WRONGHitler and Stalin sign a nonaggression pact. Then…

  22. The nonaggresion pact encouraged Germany to go to war in Europe because Germany would only have to fight a one front war.

  23. Hitler seized Poland. It plunged most of Europe into World War II in 1939.

  24. The Germans introduced a new method of warfare known as Blitzkrieg (lightning war”). It stressed speed and surprise in the use of tanks, troops, and planes. In less than a month, Poland fell to the invading German and Soviet armies. In April 1940, Denmark and Norway fell. A month later, another blitzkrieg took Belgium, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. Comparison of European fighting in WWI and WWII: Much of WWI was fought from trenches, while WWII involved fast moving invasions and rapid conquests of territory.

  25. U.S. Isolationism • Americans wanted to stay out of Europe’s wars. • FDR wanted to help Britain anyway

  26. USA had 2 oceans to protect us (sort of).

  27. Hitler in Paris, June 1940

  28. Fortress Europa • In no time, Germany conquered most of Europe with tanks, planes, railroads.

  29. English Channel protected England • Britain resisted German air force

  30. Battle of Britain, 1940 Battle of Britain

  31. Battle of Britain • England is bombed for 60 days straight. • First battle fought only using planes • England is able to hang on because of: • RADAR (new) • Signal system

  32. Germany Attacks the Soviet Union While Hitler conquered Western Europe, Stalin invaded Finland and then seized the countries of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Despite their partnership, Hitler and Stalin distrusted each other. Hitler also wanted Soviet wheat and oil field. So, he invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. Hitler said the city would soon “fall like a leaf.” But the Leningraders refused to surrender. People lived on a few ounces of bread a day. They ate cats, dogs, rats, and sparrows. People collapsed of hunger and died in the city streets, their bodies lying frozen under the snows until spring. Hitler tried to capture Leningrad for 872 days, from Sept. 1941 to Jan. 1944.

  33. About 1 MILLION Soviet citizens died, many from starvation. But the city never fell to the Germans. The Siege of Leningrad September 8, 1941

  34. The United States Aids the AlliesLend Lease Act 1941 • Great Britain and the Soviet Union benefitted from this program. • U.S. sent $50 billion worth of war goods. • FDR sent war materials to Britain and the USSR. • This is a Sherman tank

  35. The Soviet Union and Great Britain had not fallen to Germany when the U.S. entered the war in 1941.

  36. Japan attacks a naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. December 7, 1941. Brings U.S. into WWII.

  37. December 7, 1941 • 7:55 am Japan launches surprise attack on Pearl Harbor • Two waves of attacks

  38. Reason Japan attacked the U.S. fleet at Pearl Harbor in 1941: The Tojo government made plans to invade the Dutch East Indies—a souce of oil—and Asian territories. Its leaders believed the U.S. Navy would block Japanese expansion.

  39. December 7, 1941 • 7:55 am Japan launches surprise attack on Pearl Harbor • Two waves of attacks

  40. Pearl Harbor • 9 Ships sunk • 21 ships severely damaged • 2,350 dead • 1,178 injured • U.S.S. Arizona

  41. USS Arizona U.S.S. Arizona

  42. America Responds President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan. He called December 7, 1941, “a date which will live in infamy.”

  43. Allied Powers The Big Three • In addition were the colonies and territories of these countries. • These include China, Canada, Australia, France, Poland and others. United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt Vice President Harry Truman Britain Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain until 1940 Then, Prime Minister Winston Churchill Soviet Union or U.S.S.R. Premier Joseph Stalin

  44. Axis Powers • Germany and Italy declared war immediately after Pearl Harbor. • Germany, Italy and Japan made a deal to help each other in case one was attacked. Japan Emperor Hirohito General Hideki Tojo Germany Fuhrer Adolph Hitler Italy Duce Benito Mussolini

  45. The Battle of Stalingrad July 17, 1942-Feb. 2, 1943 was the successful Soviet defense of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in the U.S.S.R. during World War II. Russians consider it to be the greatest battle of their Great Patriotic War, and most historians consider it to be the greatest battle of the entire conflict. It stopped the German advance into the Soviet Union and marked the turning of the tide of war in favor of the Allies. The Battle of Stalingrad was one of the bloodiest battles in history, with combined military and civilian casualties of nearly 2 million.

  46. The Russian Winter killed many NAZI troops in USSR. Russian people are tough! 21 million dead, yet no surrender!

  47. Section 2 War in Africa and Europe

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