US Spectrum Efficiency Initiatives

1. US Spectrum Efficiency Initiatives Darrell Ernst October 2001

2. Agenda • Background • DOT&E Spectrum Stewardship Initiative • Central Test & Evaluation Investment Program • Science & Technology Initiative

3. Background - DOT&E Mission • Mr. Tom Christie, Director, Operational Test & Evaluation • Responsible to SecDef, Congress for operational test & evaluation of all DOD weapon systems • Assumed responsibility for oversight of DOD test resources and test ranges in 1999

4. Background - Resources & Ranges • Mr. John Gehrig, DOT&E Deputy Director for Resources & Ranges (R&R) • Responsible for administrative oversight of DOD Major Range and Test Facility Base (MRTFB) • Manages research & development of technologies for T&E • Includes CTEIP and S&T programs

5. Background - T&E Encroachment • WRC 97: • Lost 2310-2360 MHz - telemetry • 1452-1492 MHz reallocated by other nations from telemetry to DAB (Set stage for expensive compromise with WorldSpace) • OBRA 93 • 235 MHz of Federal spectrum reallocated for auction to industry • T&E had operations in every reallocated band • BBA 97 • Lost 2385-2390 MHz - telemetry • Lost 1432-1435 MHz - last of TSPI band above 1390 MHz • WRC 2K/IMT-2000 • Loss of 1710-1770 MHz probable • T&E bandwidth requirements increasing exponentially

6. DOT&E Spectrum Stewardship Initiative • Dr. Pat Sanders, Director, Test, Systems Engineering & Evaluation (DTSE&E), directed R&R to devise initiative to respond to encroachment of T&E spectrum • R&R developed 3-pronged approach • Respond to imminent encroachments • Develop technological solutions for improved usage of spectrum • Devise new methods and technologies for addressing long-term needs • RSRWG established for coordination among major T&E spectrum users • DOD (represented by R&R) • NASA (represented by GSRC) • US Aircraft manufacturers (represented by AFTRCC) • CTEIP used for technology development

7. Central Test & Evaluation Investment Program • Develop technologies and capabilities needed by Services for T&E of weapon systems • $115M - $150M per year • $51M programmed for spectrum technologies in current 5 year cycle • Derrick Hinton is CTEIP PEM • Two CTEIP projects leading spectrum technology development • ARTM - Advance Range Telemetry • FIT - Flexible Interoperable Transceiver • Major new project in early formulation stage • RSWN - Range & Space Wireless Network

8. CTEIP - ARTM • 5 year project to develop spectrum efficient technologies for telemetry • First product being delivered now: FQPSK telemetry transmitter & demodulator • 100% improvement in spectrum efficiency • Second tier transmitter will provide 150 % improvement over current systems • Automated spectrum management tool in development • Phase II system delivered in June • Tool allows more users to be assigned to bands at same time • Bit reduction research being conducted • Data compression • Dynamic data set selection

9. CTEIP - FIT • 5 year program to develop standard spectrum-efficient data link standard for test & training ranges • Specification delivered this year • Being adopted by RCC as range standard • Shaped Offset QPSK prototype currently in testing by ranges • Efficiencies exceeding 100% gain over existing systems • FIT being used as design reference for two major CTEIP acquisitions • EnRAP - Enhanced Range Applications Program (TSPI data link) • MSTCS - Multi-Service Target Control System

10. CTEIP - RSWN • Early planning phase: Conceptually a high data rate wireless network for space and terrestrial T&E communications between ground networks and systems under test (SUT) • Telemetry, TSPI, targets, scoring, SUT commanding, simulation/HITL interface • Spectrum efficiency major objective. Efficiency gains across entire stack • On-board data processing • Dynamic data selection • Advanced data compression • Spectrum efficient transmission & security protocols • Error correction for reducing test reruns (reduced on-air time) • Spectrum mining (adaptive spectrum radios) • “Tier 3” waveforms (beyond ARTM) • Real time spectrum management

11. Test and Evaluation/Science & Technology Program • Initiated to expedite technology transition from S&T community to the T&E community • DOT&E T&E/S&T program is direct result of DepSecDef-directed Sustainable Ranges initiative • $16M authorized for OT&E technology development FY02 • $4M for spectrum technology • Planning to ramp program to $30M +/yr • Wynn Atterbury, DOT&E/R&R is Program Manager • Initial research topics include spectrally efficient bandwidth techniques at super high frequencies, adaptive spectrum utilization and directional antenna technologies • Final research plan will depend on proposals selected through Broad Area Announcements to be released in November

12. S&T Initiative - Technology Thrusts • Research areas include: • Spectrally efficient bandwidth techniques at super-high frequencies • Solid state technology for high power (5-10W) telemetry transmitters • Narrow or variable beamwidth directional antennas • Analysis of possibility of using current range infrastructure (L and S band antennas or their modifications) for super-high frequencies. • Smart (adaptive) array antennas • Digital beamforming array techniques • Low-cost RF chips for high-frequencies • Electronically-controlled phased array antennas using neural network beamforming array techniques • Piezoelectric aperture antennas providing the capability of electronically controlled antenna shape and radiation patterns • Effects of Doppler shift on receiver tracking for coherent receivers. (Coordinated with narrowing of antenna beamwidth investigation above). • Channel Characterization • Techniques for overcoming adverse channel effects

13. Summary • DOT&E has major initiatives underway for increasing the efficiency of spectrum usage by T&E systems • Development of capabilities using current state-of-the-art technologies • Research into advanced technologies for meeting future needs • Initial products beginning to be delivered • Projected expenditures of $80M + over 5 years