Social Studies Final exam review

1. Social StudiesFinal exam review Exam dates: June 11- 40 multiple choice questions (40%) June 9 – one essay (60%)

2. Contents of final exam 40 multiple choice questions- May 29 One essay – 60 points – May 30

3. 1. Why did people move West? • Better life • Opportunities • Homestead Act

4. 2. Reasons for immigration • Push – why they left their homeland; war, poverty, oppression • Pull- America- Land of Opportunity; lots of jobs here

5. 3- immigrate • To come to a new land to settle

6. 4. emigrate • Exit; exodus • To leave your homeland

7. 5. Theories of immigration • A. old theory – melting pot • Immigrants erase heritage and adopt new, American culture. • B. new theory – salad bowl • Immigrants add features of their culture to become part of a new American culture.

8. 6-nativism • Dislike of foreigners • Wanted quotas or restrictions on immigration (1920s) • Some immigrants were discriminated against when they arrived

9. 7- muckrakers • Goal- to expose problems caused by industrialization • Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives – tenement life • Upton Sinclair – The Jungle – horrors of meatpacking industry and immigrant life • Ida Tarbell – History of Standard Oil – unfair business practices of Rockefeller

10. 8- Progressive Movement • Goals- to fix the problems caused by the Industrial Era • Wanted to end unfair business practices such as monopolies, unsafe working conditions, monopolies, child labor etc.

11. 9- suffrage • Right to vote • Women – 19th amendment • African American Males – 15th amendment (but with restrictions)

12. 10- laissez-faire • Little or no government regulation or interference in the economy or business • Led to growth of monopolies

13. 11. Changes caused by Industrial Revolution • Economic growth due to: • Assembly line- more consumer goods produced at a lower/cheaper cost • More efficiently produced goods • More jobs in factories • More monopolies and corporations

14. 12-urban/suburban/rural • Urban- city • Suburban – outside city • Rural- countryside

15. 13- labor union • Goal-Workers joined together to fight for better working conditions and benefits • Unions help employees/workers • VOCABULARY-- EMPLOYER= BOSS

16. 14-assembly line • Production is faster and cheaper • Mass production of goods was more efficient

17. 15. Jane Addams and Settlement houses • Jane Addams- social reformer who set up settlement houses to help poor people and immigrants • focused on education, health, job training

18. 16- Big Stick Policy • President Teddy Roosevelt • U.S. “Policeman of the World” - especially Latin America

19. 17 A.- imperialism • Take over a nation making it a colony • Due to the nation’s need for resources and markets during Industrial era • expansion

20. 17B – Manifest Destiny • America’s destiny to be a land from sea to sea. • Desire for expansion

21. 17 C – Monroe Doctrine • The U.S. declares it’s right to deal with matters in the Western Hemisphere • Told Europeans to stay out of the affairs of the West • Doctrine was expanded under Teddy Roosevelt (Roosevelt Corollary)

22. 17 D- Spanish American War • Causes • Imperialism • Yellow journalism • DeLome Letter • Humanitarian concern for Cuba • Sinking of the USS Maine ship • Results U.S. becomes and imperialist nation with colonies (Puerto Rico, Guam, Philippines)

23. 17 E- Open Door Policy with China • Industrial Age • More trade with China

24. 18 A-World War I • Causes – 1914 (M.A.N.I.A) • Assassination of Archduke of Austria- Hungary • Germany attacks U.S. ships then we declare war in 1917. • Results • Map of Europe changed

25. 18B- U.S. at beginning of WWI • U.S. Neutral in 1914- “did not affect us” • U.S. Declares war- 1917 • War ends- 1918

26. 19. Fourteen Points • Woodrow Wilson’s plan for peace • No more wars • No secret treaties • No colonies • League of Nations- use diplomacy/talking to settle disputes

27. 20-Treaty of Versailles • Senate refuses to ratify treaty because of League of Nations • Senate believed League might cause us to be involved in another conflict • Harsh conditions on Germany- reparations

28. 21. League of Nations • Senate refuses to ratify Treaty of Versailles bec. of the League. Believed it might get us more involved in wars. • Wilson wanted it – believed it would end conflicts; bring peaceful settlement of problems

29. 22-Roaring Twenties • Era of changes (social, political, economic) • Eco- Easy credit meant people could afford to buy more goods • Social – New freedoms/ fashions for women • Political- Reduced civil liberties; Red Scare

30. 23. Harlem Renaissance • Rebirth of African American culture centered in Harlem, NY in the 1920s • Poetry/ literature celebrating African American culture

31. 24. Sacco and Vanzetti • Italian immigrants (anarchists) convicted of murder with little evidence. • Lessons: • Nativism – dislike of immigrants • 1920’s Red Scare era- fear of different ideas • Civil liberties can be denied due to fears

32. 25. Quotas- Immigration Acts 1921 • Restrictions on immigration - fewer from Asia and Eastern Europe. • Nativists supported quotas (limits)

33. 26. Scopes (monkey) Trial • 1920s- Religious fundamentalism rises • Scopes taught about evolution though it was banned

34. 27. Red Scare 1920s • Fear communism would spread to USA • Fear of people who may support communism • Fear of immigrants

35. 28- Red Scare 1950s • McCarthyism • Cold War era • Fear of Communism

36. 29. Dust bowl • Drought (no rain) conditions in Great Plains • Massive dust storms

37. 30. Farmers in the 1920s • Lost farms due to dust bowl • Low crop prices • Moved West

38. 31-Great Depression • Causes: • Mechanization -lost jobs • High tariffs on imports • Easy credit -debt • Stock market crash and panic – 1929 • Results: • High unemployment; banks fail, slow economy; little money to buy goods

39. 32. FDR vs. Hoover • Hoover • Help business help people • Indirect help • FDR • New Deal • Direct help; jobs, loans, aid

40. 33. Hoovervilles • Shanty towns • People were evicted • homeless • Lived in shacks

41. 34. The New Deal • Purpose- Relief, Recover, Reform • Provided jobs, faith in banking • Result-Increased size and responsibility of government.

42. 35. WWII causes • Germany invades Poland-1939 • Japan bombs Pearl Harbor- US enters war in 1941

43. 36. WWII - results • During the War • War leads to more jobs- Depression ends • More women working • Results • Atom bombs dropped on Japan leads to war’s end • Now-nuclear age; two superpowers • Arms race; Cold War begins

44. 37. Iron Curtain • Phrase from Winston Churchill describing the separation between Western (free) Europe and Eastern (communist-controlled) Europe. • Post War period

45. 38-Marshall Plan • USA sends financial or economic aid to help rebuild Western Europe • Keep Europe strong to resist communism

46. 39-Berlin Blockade • U.S. helps West Berlin which was blockaded during Cold War

47. 40. Cold War • Tensions between US and USSR after WWII • Korean War, Vietnam War happened during Cold War • 11/9/89 – fall of Berlin Wall – symbolized end of Cold War.

48. 41- containment • Foreign policy to stop the spread of communism • During the Cold War

49. 42- NATO • North • Atlantic • Treaty • Organization • Defensive alliance for the West to provide security to fight the East (Communists) • NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

50. 43. McCarthyism • Anti-communist Senator McCarthy– 1950s • Ruined careers of people accusing them of being communist; people’s rights denied. • Red Scare era