Search, MAYDAY, Rapid Intervention Team, SCBA Review

1. Search, MAYDAY, Rapid Intervention Team, SCBA Review WHY 01/10/2011

2. Even Pro’s Make Mistakes

3. Two-in/two-out: • Work in teams of two or more • Two firefighters standing by immediately outside • Perform rescue profile before entering • Occupancy type/time of day • Fire/smoke conditions • Activity clues • Maintain awareness of position within a building • Team members stay together • Leave a light at the entry point Search of Burning Structures

4. Search of Burning Structures During an interior search, firefighters should stay in contact with a wall. If visibility is hampered, firefighters can reach into the center of the room using a tool or a “human chain” technique.

5. Search of Burning Structures Crawling, holding on to one another in a straight line (A) is not very productive when searching. Extending off one another toward the center of an area being searched (B) will allow more area to be covered in a quick manner. (A) (B)

6. Search for both life and fire • Conducted prior to fire being controlled • One of the most dangerous activities • Search areas most likely to have victims • Visibility often obscured by smoke and darkness • Pause occasionally to listen for victims Primary Search

7. Conducted when fire is out or under control • Much more thorough since no immediate fire danger • Search through debris • Search building exterior for victims who have jumped or escaped and are injured • Recommended that different crew perform secondary search • Secondary search must be thorough • Many victims have been missed on search efforts and their bodies discovered after firefighters leave Secondary Search

8. SCOPE This meets or exceeds the intent of applicable sections within Chapter 6, Emergency Operations, of NFPA 1500, Standards on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program. It also intends to meet requirements of the OSHA Respirator Protection Standard 1910.134 and OSHA 2 in/2 out Rule 308-134e. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

9. Average of 12 firefighters to remove one downed firefighters • As many as 20 percent become victims themselves • Five goals: • Locate firefighter • Assess condition and environment • Provide emergency air supply • Call for additional teams and resources • Attempt to remove firefighter Rapid Intervention Teams

10. Purpose The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to outline the procedures for members entering an IDLH atmosphere or working in and environment recognized to be unstable. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

11. DEFINITIONS: IDLH • Immediately dangerous to life or health • Oxygen level below 19.5% • Lower explosive limits in excess of 10% • Toxins in excess of the Permissible Exposure Level • Confined space, collapse or any other situation recognized to be unstable and could cause injury. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

12. DEFINITIONS: IDLH • An atmosphere that poses an immediate threat to life • Would cause irreversible adverse health effects or would impair an individual’s ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

13. Personal Accountability Report (PAR) • Report given to Command or Operations that all members of the crew are accounted for. • Periodically completed to check on personnel. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

14. Personal Accountability Report (PAR) Example “Command to unit 3106 PAR?” “Unit 3106 to Command we are PAR w/four.” Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

15. MAYDAY A verbal notification to the IC that immediate action is required to rescue or assist emergency personnel operating in emergency incidents. May be declared by the individual(s) in trouble or someone who identifies an individual(s) is in trouble. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

16. MAYDAY Use LUNAR format L Bathroom A/B side 1st Division U 3240 N Badluck Tommy A Primary Search left handed R Air, I am at 1000 and bolt / wire cutters Activate PASS After Radio Report Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

17. RIT Kit: (Rescue equipment) RIT Kit to have as a minimum the following equipment. SCBA cylinder, spare mask, regulator, flashlight, search rope, door chocks and wire cutters. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

18. IMPLEMENTATION: RIT shall be implemented during the initial stages of an incident. Multiple RITs may be established on large incidents (numbers assigned like sectors) After RIT surveys the incident scene, RIT shall gather and/or call for any additional tools or equipment, not carried in the RIT Kit that may be needed to affect a rescue. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

19. IMPLEMENTATION: RIT shall place the equipment on a tarp in their designated sector. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

20. IMPLEMENTATION: RIT members, may be utilized for other support activities at the incident. HOWEVER, these activities shall not, if abandoned due to rescue operations, place any personnel at additional risks. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

21. Entry Team: No Entry Team shall enter into an IDLH until RIT has been established. (See Exceptions to Two-In/Two-Out) Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

22. Exceptions to Two-In/Two-Out: If the initial attack personnel find a known life hazard situation where immediate action could prevent the loss of life, deviation from the two-in/two-out standard may be permitted. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

23. IMPLEMENTATION: RIT members must maintain visual or voice contact with one another at all times. RIT shall announce, via radio to the IC, that RIT has been established. RIT members shall utilize the information from their on-going scene size-up to help determine the type of rescue that they may encounter. If rescue operations are initiated without an RIT in place, Command shall be notified and an RIT shall be established as available crews can be assigned. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

24. Rapid Intervention Procedures RIT will only be deployed upon orders from the Incident Commander (IC) A backup RIT shall be established whenever the initial RIT is deployed. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

25. Rapid Intervention Implementation RIT shall be deployed to the last known location of the lost or trapped personnel. RIT should follow hose lines or routine search patterns and consider standard operating tactics while searching for lost personnel. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

26. Rapid Intervention Procedures When RIT locates a downed firefighter(s) they shall notify IC, their location and status. RIT shall advise the actions being taken to remove them or if additional assistance is needed. If a self-rescue or a quick grab and go rescue is not possible, RIT members shall use the “AWARE” principle. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

27. AWARE Principle: Trapped emergency responder’s hopes of survival depend on the following four critical needs. 1.Air:RIT should first provide the victim with a redundant (primary & secondary) supply of air. 2. Water: If the rescue involves fire, the next consideration is to provide a defensible space for the victim by using a hose line or distributor to protect the victim. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

28. AWARE Principle: 3. A Radio: If the victim is conscious and able to communicate, RIT may want to provide the trapped victim with a transceiver to monitor his condition. Depending upon the size of the incident, a separate radio channel may be designated for the victim to use. 4. Extrication: Removal of the victim. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

29. Rapid Intervention Procedures RIT should give the estimated time it will take to complete the rescue and advise the RIT Group Leader or Command of their plan. The RIT Group Leader shall assign additional Rapid Intervention Teams to assist as needed. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

30. Termination of RIT: • RIT can only be terminated when the incident does not meet one of the definitions of an IDLH. • Or when responders are not in a Confined space, collapse or any other situation recognized to be unstable that could cause injury. Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures

31. Victims removed carefully and expeditiously • Do not cause any further injury • Rescue situations sometimes prevent rescuer from using all the care a person would like • All carries and drags place additional stress on rescuer’s musculoskeletal system • Tighten core muscles around hips, back, torso • Keep spine in neutral position • Use legs and buttocks for leverage and lifting power Victim Removal, Drags,and Carries

32. Reset button • Yellow button • Side of PASS • De-activation of full-alarm • Press reset button twice slowly • De-activation of PASS • Turn off cylinder • Vent residual pressure from regulator • Press reset button twice slowly • Two tone chirp INTEGRATED PASS

33. HEADS-UP DISPLAY (HUD) • Visual display of SCBA air status • Series of lights indicate pressure • Full - 2 green • 75% - 1 green • 50% - 1 yellow slow flashing • 25% - 1 red rapid flashing • Mounted on regulator

34. Questions Rapid Intervention Team & MAYDAY Procedures