DANGEROUS GOOD SHIPPING

1. DANGEROUS GOOD SHIPPING SCS Engineers Training Seminar Updated March 2011

2. SCS Training Program • Based on U.S. DOT Regulations • Considers International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations • SCS Feedback from FAA Inspections

3. SCS Training Program • Training required by SCS, USDOT and our air transport vendor, FedEx (IATA 1.5) • Must be enrolled in SCS Hazmat training program • IATA requires discussion of the following: • Classification of goods, • General packing requirements, • Packing instructions, • Labeling and markings, • Shipper’s declaration and documentation, and • Emergency procedures. • Training exams, certificates and other records must be kept by employee and by SCS—put these records in your training file.

4. SCS Training Program • If you are not currently in the program, you may NOT be involved with shipping • Includes the person collecting the sample (not just the person shipping it) • Each profit center must designate one person to coordinate training for that office(s) • SCS requires training to be repeated every 2 yrs • Those who may need training include: • Field technicians and those collecting samples • Supervisors (Project Engineer, Manager, Director) • Secretaries and administrative assistants

5. Landfill Gas (LFG) Gaseous by-product of the decomposition of organic materials in landfills under anaerobic conditions.

6. LFG Composition N2/Others~ 5% O2 ~1% CO2 ~40% Methane ~55% • CH4, N2 & CO2 are simple asphyxiants (displace oxygen) • ‘Others’ can include hydrogen sulfide, VOCs, and other compounds

7. Flammable Gas • Flammable gas - gas that is ignitable at a mixture of 13 percent or less with air (DOT/IATA) DOES LFG QUALIFY??? • LEL = Lower Explosive Limit ~ 5% (methane) • LFG typically ~50 to 60 percent methane • 0.13 x 0.55 = 7.1% > LEL Yes, LFG is typically flammable per DOT/IATA

8. Properties of Methane • No odor from methane itself (LFG odors caused by other sulfur compounds in LFG) • Explosive ~5-15%; flammable above 15% • Methane is lighter than air . . . BUT LFG itself (methane and CO2) is NOT always lighter than air and can accumulate in manholes, etc. • When methane content is >40%, LFG sample MUST be shipped as HAZMAT

9. The Fire Triangle ignition Chemical Reaction! oxygen fuel/heat

10. LFG Site Hazards • LFG hazards most often occur in areas where accumulation is possible, such as:

11. SUMMA CanistersContainer “Spiking” • Most laboratories will prepare sample canisters with inert gas so that sample is not a Hazmat • LFG + Inert Gas = non-flammable mix • Properly “spiked” LFG samples may be shipped via standard shipping methods • Coordinate with laboratory regarding “spiking” • Provide field methane data to lab if possible • Record methane level with field instrumentation during sampling • Note: “spiking” samples may affect detection limits

12. Shipping LFG As HAZMAT-Shipper’s Declaration- • Required for ALL dangerous goods shipments • Must accompany sample and match air waybill • SUMMA Cans and Tedlar Bags ship differently! • SUMMA Cans: • UN1971 – Methane Compressed • Packing Group 200 • Tedlar Bags: • UN3167—Gas sample, non-pressurized, flammable (methane) • Packing Group 206 • Both Types: Class 2.1

14. Declaration Caveats • Must use automated system (e.g., FedEx Ship Manager software) • NOT handwritten! • NOT typewritten on templates! • Must be printed in color! • Order red-hatched paper to use in printer from FedEx (1.800.GO.FEDEX, say “dangerous goods”) • Must have three copies to give to FedEx! • Declarations must be kept on file for 2 years.

16. Basic Information

17. View/Edit Dangerous Goods

18. Who is Shipping; Emergency Contact Information

19. Dangerous Goods Entry

20. Configure Printer for Shipper’s Declaration • From main FedEx Ship menu, select Customize and then Forms, then scroll to FedEx Express Shippers Dec • Might configure printer to use “Manual Feed” • “3 West” in example below • Easier to feed paper with red hatch borders • You’ll need three copies (on red-hatched paper) for FedEx!

21. Must match Air Waybill Number Mark out the non-applicable portions Proper UN number, description, container, volume and packing instruction Emergency Response Information provider (Infotrac) Customer Number 93467 Emergency telephone number (24/7); for Infotrac, 800.535.5053

22. Air Waybill • Must accompany the shipper’s declaration • Numbers must coordinate—automatic using FedEx Ship Manager

23. Air Waybill

24. LFG Samples

25. Packing Instructions Summa Canisters • Wrapped in packing material. Package can NOT rattle! • Placed in cardboard box w/ flaps folded down. • Labels: • Methane Compressed • UN1971 • Name/Address of laboratory and shipper • “Flammable Gas” • “Do Not Load in Passenger Aircraft” or “Forbidden in Passenger Aircraft”

26. Packing Instructions Summa Canisters • Labels can not overlap. • “Flammable Gas” and “Do Not Load in Passenger Aircraft” or “Forbidden in Passenger Aircraft” must be on the same side of each box. Old (until 12/31/12) Mandatory 1/1/13

27. Packing Instructions Tedlar Bags • Packing Instructions 206: IP3 steel containers and place in 4G fiberboard boxes • www.DGSuppliers.com (800-347-7879) • Labels: • Gas Sample, non-pressurized, flammable (n.o.s. methane) • UN3167 • Name/Address of laboratory and shipper • “Flammable Gas” • “Do Not Load in Passenger Aircraft” or “Forbidden in Passenger Aircraft”

28. Packing Instructions Tedlar Bags • Labels can not overlap. • “Flammable Gas” and “Do Not Load in Passenger Aircraft” or “Forbidden in Passenger Aircraft” must be on the same side of each box. Old (until 12/31/12) Mandatory 1/1/13

29. Emergency Contact Number • FedEx requires that an emergency contact number be included in the “Additional Handling Information” section of the declaration (IATA 9.5.1.2) • IF YOU USE INFOTRAC (next page), you MUST include SCS’s Customer ID Number in the “Additional Handling Information” section. Our Customer ID Number is 93467

30. Emergency Contact Number • Infotrac 1-800-535-5053 • If using Infotrac number, contact Katie Ruiz (kruiz@scsengineers.com, 813-621-0080) • OR send a message to gastrackers@scsengineers.com • Include the following data: • The shipper’s name, office and phone number. • Shipment designation. • Nature of the shipment (e.g., a LFG sample in SUMMA canisters) • The air waybill number. • MUST include SCS’s Customer ID Number in the “Additional Handling Information” section. Our Customer ID Number is 93467

31. FedEx Locations • Note that the FedEx location must be a full service center. • Dangerous Goods Specialists are not located at basic FedEx drop off locations.

32. Cost Comparison Costs based on insuring package for $2,000. Costs based on shipment from Tampa, Florida in 2005.

33. Methanol and Sodium Bisulfate • Commonly used in our work, either to preserve samples (e.g., for soil samples) or to collect samples (e.g., of LFG for siloxane analysis) • Small amounts of these materials can be shipped as “excepted quantities” under the USDOT and IATA regulations • 30 ml per inner container (e.g., per vial) • 500 ml per outer container

34. Methanol and Sodium Bisulfate Other Requirements 1) Each inner container (vial) with a removable closure, has its closure held securely in place with tape or other positive means. 2) Unless equivalent cushioning and absorbent material surrounds the inside packaging, each inner receptacle is securely packed in an inside packaging with cushioning and absorbent material that: a) Will not react chemically with the material and b) Is capable of absorbing the entire contents (if a liquid) of the receptacle

35. Methanol and Sodium Bisulfate 3) The inside packaging is securely packed in a strong outside packaging 4) The completed package, as demonstrated by prototype testing, is capable of sustaining free drops made from a height of 1.8 m (5.9 feet) directly onto a solid unyielding surface

36. Methanol and Sodium Bisulfate 5) Indicate on the air waybill under nature and quantity of goods, "Dangerous Goods in Excepted Quantities." 6) IATA also requires the application of an "excepted quantities label."

37. Excepted Quantities Label • Excepted quantities label can be black-and-white or red-and-white • Minimum size: 100mm X 100 mm (about 4” X 4”) • Must enter hazard class (e.g., Class 3 for methanol) • Must enter name of either shipper or consignee (e.g., SCS Engineers or the receiving laboratory)

38. Methanol and Sodium Bisulfate

39. Security Awareness • Need to maintain control of shipping containers to assure chain-of-custody • Do not allow foreign materials to be added to shipping containers • A criminal or a terrorist could place a bomb or other contraband in your shipping container when you are not in control of it—maintain control! • Be aware of your surroundings

40. Security Awareness • If you observe unusual behavior that may present a security threat (to yourself or others), notify the authorities • Tell the person in charge of the facility • Contact the police or other security agency

41. QUESTIONS??? • Exam – • Open Book (can use this slide show, SCS guidance materials, etc.) • After completing the exam online, results will be preserved to confirm they are correct—cheaters will have certificates revoked • Complete and print certificate online—your name will be automatically added to the intranet list of those certified by SCS for DGS