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Sentence Structure Basics

Sentence Structure Basics. An LTF Lesson. Bell-ringer:. Copy these definitions in your notes section. A phrase is a group of words that does not contain both a subject and a verb. Collectively, the words in a phrase function as a single part of speech.

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Sentence Structure Basics

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  1. Sentence Structure Basics An LTF Lesson

  2. Bell-ringer: Copy these definitions in your notes section. • A phrase is a group of words that does not contain both a subject and a verb. Collectively, the words in a phrase function as a single part of speech. • A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence, expressing a complete thought. A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a sentence. It begins with a subordinating conjunction or a relative pronoun.

  3. Independent Clauses The following slides are examples of independent clauses (or simple sentences) that contain a subject, a verb, and different types of phrases. We will identify the parts of each independent clause. You may use the Phrase Toolbox to help you.

  4. Independent Clauses 1. Let’s do the first sentence together: Johnny Reeves, a Ku Klux Klan member, burned a cross during the night in a small Vermont town. Subject: Verb: Appositive phrase: Prepositional phrase: Prepositional phrase: Johnny Reeves burned a Ku Klux Klan member during the night in a small Vermont town.

  5. Independent Clauses 2. Now it’s your turn: Leonora Sutter, frightened by the flaming cross, hid to find security and comfort. Subject: Verb: Participial phrase: Infinitive phrase:

  6. Independent Clauses 3. Using one of the sentences below as a model, write an independent clause (a simple sentence) containing a subject, a verb, and at least two different phrases. Johnny Reeves, a Ku Klux Klan member, burned a cross during the night in a small Vermont town. Leonora Sutter, frightened by the flaming cross, hid to find security and comfort.

  7. Compound Sentences A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses joined by a semicolon or by a comma and a coordinating conjunction. 4. Using a comma and a coordinating conjunction, create a compound sentence by combining the independent clause you wrote for Activity One with one of the other independent clauses provided in that activity. Adjust the wording or use pronouns if necessary.

  8. Example • Lenora Sutter was frightened by the flaming cross, and the fire department was called to put out the flame.

  9. Compound Sentences 5. Combine the same two clauses again, using a semicolon to create a compound sentence. 6. If you consider both meaning and effect, which combination works best? Why?

  10. Example • Lenora Sutter was frightened by the flaming cross; the fire department was called to put out the flame.

  11. Complex Sentences A complex sentence consists of one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. A dependent clause begins with a subordinating conjunction such as because, when, if, although or a relative pronoun such as that, which, who.

  12. Complex Sentences 7. Create subordinate clauses by placing a different subordinating conjunction at the beginning of each independent clause from Activity One. • Example: Because Johnny Reeves, a Ku Klux Klan member, burned a cross during the night in a small Vermont town...

  13. Complex Sentences 8. Create a complex sentence by combining one of these subordinate clauses with one of the independent clauses from Activity One. • Example: When Johnny Reeves, a Ku Klux Klan member, burned a cross during the night, he seemed to be happy with his accomplishment. • Note: If the dependent clause comes before the independent clause, you should separate the two clauses with a comma. If the dependent clause comes after the independent clause, no comma is needed.

  14. Example • Because Johnny Reeves, a Ku Klux Klan member, burned a cross during the night, the fire department was called to put the flames out. • red: dependent clause • blue: independent clause

  15. Complex Sentences 9. Now place a subordinating conjunction in front of the other independent clause to make a dependent clause. Combine the two clauses to create a different complex sentence. 10. Which complex sentence seems to be better or more logical? Why?

  16. Compound-Complex Sentences A compound-complex sentence contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses.

  17. Compound-Complex Sentences 11. Copy the following compound-complex sentence. Underline the dependent clause once and each independent clause twice. • When Johnny Reeves, a Ku Klux Klan member, burned a cross during the night, he seemed to be happy with his accomplishment, but Leonora Sutter, frightened by the flaming cross, hid to find security and comfort.

  18. Compound-Complex Sentences 12. Using the independent and dependent clauses from the previous activities, write a compound complex sentence of your own. Underline the dependent clause once and the independent clauses twice.

  19. Ticket Out Write a paragraph about your Christmas break. Your paragraph should contain all of the following sentence structures in any order you wish:  Simple  Compound  Complex  Compound-Complex

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