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KEY CONCEPT Fermentation allows the production of a small amount of ATP without oxygen.

Fermentation allows the production of a small amount of ATP without oxygen. Explore the process, importance, and significance of fermentation in cellular respiration. Learn about lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation and their roles in energy production. Discover how fermentation is used in food production and its impact on athletes like long-distance runners.

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KEY CONCEPT Fermentation allows the production of a small amount of ATP without oxygen.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT Fermentation allows the production of a small amount of ATP without oxygen.

  2. Objectives • Describe the process of fermentation. • Summarize the importance of fermentation.

  3. Vocabulary • Fermentation • Anaerobic process by which ATP is produced by glycolysis. • Lactic Acid • Product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells.

  4. Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue. • Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable. • Fermentation is an anaerobic process. • occurs when oxygen is not available for cellular respiration • does not produce ATP

  5. Fermentation allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is unavailable. • NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis • Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells. • glycolysis splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules • pyruvate and NADH enter fermentation • energy from NADH converts pyruvate into lactic acid • NADH is changed back into NAD+

  6. Fermentation and its products are important in several ways. • Alcoholic fermentation is similar to lactic acid fermentation. • glycolysis splits glucose and the products enter fermentation • energy from NADH is used to split pyruvate into an alcohol and carbon dioxide • NADH is changed back into NAD+ • NAD+ is recycled to glycolysis

  7. Fermentation is used in food production. • yogurt • cheese • bread

  8. Question/Answer • How do long-distance runners, such as marathoners, provide the energy their bodies need for a race? • By carb-loading, eating carbohydrate-rich foods. • What has happened to a runner who “hits the wall”? • The carbohydrates are depleted. The body now burns more fat, which requires more oxygen, energy, and time to burn. • “Hitting the wall” means a runner is making ATP through glycolysis and fermentation. • Which process must happen first, fermentation or glycolysis? Explain. • Glycolysis must occur first because fermentation require pyruvate and NADH.

  9. Question/Answer • How are alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation similar? • They both begin with glycolysis of glucose and produce ATP and NAD+ • How are the different? • Lactic acid fermentation produces lactic acid; alcoholic fermentation produces alcohol and carbon dioxide. • Explain the importance of alcoholic fermentation in the production of bread’s light, fluffy texture. • Carbon dioxide produced from alcoholic fermentation creates gas pockets in the bread, which cause the bread to rise.

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