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The Birth of Modern European Thought

The Birth of Modern European Thought. APEURO – Chapter 24. Romanticism. Literary, musical, and artistic movement dominating European culture in Late 18 th Century - 1 st half of 19 th century. “Sturm & Drang”. German Movement “Storm & Stress” turned into Romanticism. Romantics Stressed:.

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The Birth of Modern European Thought

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  1. The Birth of Modern European Thought APEURO – Chapter 24

  2. Romanticism • Literary, musical, and artistic movement dominating European culture in • Late 18th Century - 1st half of 19th century

  3. “Sturm & Drang” • German Movement “Storm & Stress” turned into Romanticism

  4. Romantics Stressed: • 1. Emotions- feeling & passion • 2. Intuition- imagination • 3. Nature- as inspiration • 

  5. Romantics Stressed… • 4. Nationalism- emphasis change & connection to the past • 5. Religion • 6. The unique individual • 7. The Middle Ages

  6. “Official” Beginning of Romanticism in Literature • 1798 Lyrical Ballads by Samuel Taylor Coleridge & William Wordsworth “One impulse from a vernal wood May teach you more of man, Of moral evil and of good, Than all the sages can”

  7. Some Romantic Writers… • “Loners” who wrote about rejection by society • Nature as a source of inspiration • Some wrote “Gothic” tales – mysterious, violent weather

  8. Romantic Writers • 1.Lord Byron (1788-1824) - Poet • Led scandalous lifestyle • Wrote narrative poems, “Don Juan” • Supporter of Greek independence

  9. Romantic Writers • 2. Mary Shelly (1797-1851) • Frankenstein • Critique of modern man and technology gone awry

  10. Romantic Writers • 3. Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe (1749-1848) • Faust • Sorrows of Young Werther • Uses romantic themes of intuition & emotion

  11. Romanticism & Music • 1. Ludwig Von Beethoven (1770-1837) • Deaf composer • Created 9 symphonies • One of 1st composers to reach fame & wealth in his lifetime

  12. Beethoven – 6th symphony http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=34dU9RSWf28 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dbfa86bTD34

  13. Romanticism & Music • 2. Franz Shubert  • Pioneer in composing primarily for the piano • Inspired by folksongs • 3. Niccolo Paganini • Violinist 

  14. Niccolo Paganini Paganini: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eblB2-y23Dc Shubert: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sSF7a9OcE_w

  15. Romantic Art • Portrayed scenes of medieval life • Idealize rural landscape • 1. John Constable’s • Salisbury Cathedral from the Meadows

  16. Constable’s Salisbury Cathedral Form the Meadows

  17. 2. J.M.W. Turner Landscapes more mystical Nature’s power Romantic Art

  18. J.M.W. Turner

  19. Romantic Art • 3. Eugene Delacroix • Portrays political spirit of the time in France • Liberty leading the People 

  20. Romantic Architecture • “neo-gothic” revival • 1. British Houses of Parliament (1836-1837)  • most famous public building • In neo-gothic style

  21. Romantic Architecture • 2. Castle of Neuschwanstein(1864-1886) • S. Germany • Cost of construction nearly bankrupt Bavarian monarchy

  22. The Birth of Modern Thought 24

  23. THE New Reading Public • Literacy Rates Improved after 1860’s due to: • 1. Introduction of • compulsory Primary education • Reading, writing, basic math • Teaching became a major area of employment for women.

  24. The New Reading Public • By 1900, approximately 85% of population could read in Britain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, and Germany • However, high illiteracy rates remained in Eastern European countries

  25. What Were People Reading? • Newspapers • Books • magazines • Mail order catalogues • Journals • Tabloid newspapers

  26. The Birth of Science Fiction • Science fiction stories accessible to wide audience • Became popular mid 1800’s • Captured the imagination of audiences • Jules Verne – Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea • H.G. Wells – The Time Machine

  27. “SCIENCE” • “The model for all human knowledge” • The height of human thought • “truth”

  28. Aguste Comte • 1798-1857 • French philosopher (sociologist) • Developed Positivism- a philosophy of human intellectual development

  29. Example: Why does a rock fall? • Ways to answer the question • 1. God wills it • 2. It is the nature of heavy objects to fall • 3. The Law of gravity

  30. Comte’s 3 Stages of Intellectual Development or 3 Stages to Society: • 1. Theological stage- nature explained in terms of divinities & spirits • Why does the rock fall? God wills it.

  31. Comte’s 3 Stages of Intellectual Development or 3 Stages to Society: • 2. Metaphysical Stage: • Abstract principles - Reason • Why does the rock fall? It is the nature of heavy objects to fall

  32. Comte’s 3 Stages of Intellectual Development or 3 Stages to Society: • 3. Positive Stage: • Explanations of nature – reliance on observation • Why does the rock fall? The Law of gravity can be used to explain this phenomena

  33. Modernism • Intellectual movement 1850-1914 • Effect of modernism in literature, art, psychoanalysis, physics, intellectual life. • In literature critical of middle class society & morality

  34. Modernism & Science • 1. Charles Darwin • 2. Advances in Chemistry: Dmitri Mendeleyev • 2. The New Physics: Marie Curie, Max Planck, Albert Einstein

  35. Charles Darwin • Two Theories: • 1. Survival of the fittest -1859 On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection • 2. All primates, including humans evolved form common ancestors-1871 The Descent of Man • http://blog.ted.com/2013/07/11/myths-and-misconceptions-about-evolution-a-ted-ed-lesson-about-the-subtleties/

  36. Social Darwinism • Herbert Spencer (British scientist) “Nations, like species, struggle to survive, and the winners are the fittest, while the inferior are eliminated” “us” vs. “them”

  37. Chemistry- Dmitri Mendeleyev • 1860’s Russia Scientist • Classifies the chemical elements –Periodic Table

  38. Chemistry -Alfred Nobel • Swedish Chemist • First produced dynamite 1867 • Allowed engineers to construct canals, tunnels • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uSb-e1bB9F4

  39. Alfred Nobel

  40. Genetics – F. Gregor Mendel • Austrian Monk • Father of genetics • “Laws of inheritance”

  41. Mini Biography Gregor Mendel http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QmSJGhPTB5E

  42. Physics- Marie Curie • Examines behavior of particles in subatomic world • Polish- studies radiation • Isolated the element radium in 1910 • Works with Her husband Pierre Curie

  43. Marie Curie

  44. Polish? Or polish? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C8lMW0MODFs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZEV4KJBJvEg

  45. Physics-Max Planck • 1900 German • Energy of atomic particles was emitted or absorbed in specific units called “quanta” • “Quantum Theory” finalized 1925

  46. Physics- Albert Einstein • 1905 publishes • “The Electro-dynamics of Moving Bodies” • E = MC2 • ENERGY EQUALS THE MASS TIMES THE SQUARE OF THE SPEED OF LIGHT !

  47. Mini biography – Albert Einstein http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZMVKvO-gTs8

  48. Modernism & Social Sciences • Psychology, political science, anthropology, criminology, sociology • Demonstrate how human behavior resulted from economic, political, and social forces.

  49. Psychoanalysis – Sigmund Freud • Viennese Medical Doctor • Original intention: • Wished to treat “ nervous disorders”

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