Ashima Wadhwa Assistant Professor (IT) Amity University , Noida

1. AshimaWadhwaAssistant Professor (IT)Amity University , Noida BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGY AND CONTINUOUS TECHNOLOGY

2. Technology • Science is exploration for the sake of knowing and for creating a body of knowledge • Technology is the application of science, usually in the interests of improving human life • product technologies • process technologies

3. Technology Can Be • Low tech • High tech • Some combination • Each approach provides opportunities for organizational advantage

4. CONTINUOUS TECHNOLOGY Continuous Technology • Existing infrastructures • Existing knowledge • Existing markets • Incremental • Convergent thinking- progressive refinements • Increasing specialization

5. BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGY Breakthrough Technology • Discovery of new knowledge related to market need or technological capabilities • From horse to car • Business reshaping: kerosene for lighting; ice for cooling; IT+telecom and airline, banking, entertainment

6. Technological Breakthroughs in Products and Processes • are occurring rapidly • in almost all industries • all nations • all businesses • all lives • Is this a boon or a bane? Both

7. Technological Changes • Generate both opportunities and threats • Are difficult to predict in a global world because they: • occur rapidly • often have unintended consequences • are replaced/refined by people worldwide; changes occur “out of sight” • Stimulate profound societal change in business and other spheres • Make managerial and personal life more challenging

8. Terrific Breakthroughs of Today • Medicine: organ transplants, other life-saving techniques • Oil exploration via hubbing • Jet freighters for sea cargo • Biotechnology, pest resistant seeds and clones • Laser and “free space” optics • Information technologies

9. What’s the best way to launch a breakthrough new energy technology? • “Open Source” concept • Invention and prototyping • No patents on core technology • Demonstration of technology at high profile press conferences in key cities globally • Simultaneous wide-broadcast dissemination of “how-to-build” plans on the Internet • Public is encouraged to use and improve technology and create useful derivatives (no licensing or royalties)

10. Why should a breakthrough energy technology be “open sourced”? • Open sourcing the technology will tap into the brain trust of millions of intelligent, creative people, who could improve upon it and create countless derivative products and businesses.

11. Why should a breakthrough energy technology be “open sourced”? • The implementation will occur more quickly (perhaps virally) as people become excited, motivated, and hopeful. People are enthused when we feel we have a stake and a role to play in a great endeavor.

12. Ten Innovative Products • Personalized computers—customized to adapt to your way of working • Multi-fuel automobiles—combine electricity, reformulated gasoline, natural gas, or other fuels • Next-generation television—high definition, wall-sized flat screens for information, communication, and entertainment • Electronic wallet—a smart card to replace money, keys, driver’s license, medical records, etc. • Home health monitors—automatic analysis of your vitals • Smart maps and tracking devices—to find what you want • Smart materials—sensors that detect stress in buildings • Weight control and anti-aging products • Never owned, leased only products such as computers and appliances that age rapidly

13. Why should a breakthrough energy technology be “open sourced”? “New wine should not be put in old bottles". For good reason. The old methods are not expansive enough, may easily rupture, and spill and squander the contents. New ideas require new methods.

14. Thank You !!