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GREAT BRITAIN: EARLIEST TIMES

GREAT BRITAIN: EARLIEST TIMES. PLAN. 1. Britain’s Prehistory 2. The Celts 3. The Roman Conquest. Britain’s Prehistory. 250,000 BC The earliest evidence of human occupation of Britain Around 10,000 BC , the end of the Ice Age The wanderer-hunter culture. About 3000 BC.

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GREAT BRITAIN: EARLIEST TIMES

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  1. GREAT BRITAIN:EARLIEST TIMES

  2. PLAN • 1. Britain’s Prehistory • 2. The Celts • 3. The Roman Conquest

  3. Britain’s Prehistory

  4. 250,000 BCThe earliest evidence of human occupation of Britain • Around 10,000 BC, the end of the Ice AgeThe wanderer-hunter culture

  5. About 3000 BC Neolithic (or New Stone Age) people • These people kept animals, grew corn crops and knew how to make pottery. • They probably came from either the Iberian Peninsula or even the North African coast. • They settled in the western part of Britain and Ireland.

  6. What did these people leave to posterity? • Barrows, or burial mounds • Henges – great circles of earth banks and ditches, inside which they built wooden buildings and stone circles • Stonehenge

  7. This beaker from the West Kennet long barrow in Wiltshire is typical of the finely decorated pottery which gave its name to the “Beaker Folk” who invaded Britain from the Rhineland and Brittany in the second millennium BC.

  8. The Beaker People • replaced animal skin clothes with woven textiles • contributed to the building of Stonehenge • used copper and its alloy with tin – bronze

  9. Many early settlements have been found on Chalk Hills in the southwest. Maiden Castle, or Mai Dan in Dorset, is the largest surviving Iron-Age hill-fort in Britain, with a perimeter of two miles.

  10. An Iron-Age farm settlement has been reconstructed at Buster, near Petersfield in Hampshire.

  11. The Celts

  12. The Celts • They came from central Europe or Southern Russia from around 700 BC onwards • Brythons (Britons) settled in England and Wales • Gaels settled on Ireland • Picts settled in Scotland

  13. The Celts • They continued the same kind of agriculture as the Bronze Age people but used iron tools • They continued to built hill-forts • They were good warriors and used war-chariots

  14. Celtic Society • Chief (King) • Learned Men (Druids) • Nobles (warriors) • Freemen (farmers) • Slaves

  15. Boadicea’s monument on the Thames Embankment

  16. What is your origin, Britons? • The Blood of the Isles (2006) by Bryan Sykes

  17. The Origins of the British: a Genetic Detective Story (2006) by Stephen Oppenheimer

  18. The Roman Conquest

  19. 55 BC • The Proconsul of Gaul, Gaius Julius Caesar • Cassivellaunus • AD 43 • Claudius • AD 410

  20. Hadrian’s Wall

  21. Roman Britain • Its society was literate • It was a world dominated by the rule of law, which closely regulated the relations between the individual and the State and between one man and another, however corruptly or inefficiently it might often have been administered.

  22. Roman Legacy • Towns • 20 large towns (over 5,000 inhabitants) • 100 smaller towns • London=Londinium • Manchester=Mamucium • York=Eburacum • “castra” – “chester, caster, cester”

  23. Roman Legacy • Roads • Water supply, sanitation and sewage systems • Villas • New vocabulary • Christianity • A new diet

  24. Chi Rho Cross Constantine the Great.

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