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Estuary Eutrophication Models: Essential Components and Material Exchanges

Estuary Eutrophication Models: Essential Components and Material Exchanges. By Jim Bowen, UNC Charlotte presented at Multi-Media Modeling Workshop March 23, 1999. Talk Addresses Three Questions. 1. What are the Essential Components of an Estuary Eutrophication Model?

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Estuary Eutrophication Models: Essential Components and Material Exchanges

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  1. Estuary Eutrophication Models:Essential Components and Material Exchanges By Jim Bowen, UNC Charlotte presented at Multi-Media Modeling Workshop March 23, 1999

  2. Talk Addresses Three Questions 1. What are the Essential Components of an Estuary Eutrophication Model? 2. What are the Cross-Media Exchanges? 3. Which Exchanges are Important in the Neuse River?

  3. Common Components of Estuary Eutrophication Models • Based on review of existing models • Numerical model development started in 70’s • All models include hydrodynamic and water quality components • Focus here is on the water quality component

  4. Define Essential Capabilities of Model • Predict impact of pollutant loadings • suspended solids, nutrients, oxygen consuming wastes (C & N), • Common endpoints of concern • dissolved oxygen, algal abundance • Other endpoints may also be desired (e.g. harmful algal blooms, fish kills, toxic organics)

  5. Eutro. Models - Common Components Predation, Mortality Living & Non-Living Organic Matter Phytoplankton Photosynthesis Respiration Remineralization Recycling Oxygen, Other Oxidants Nutrients Settling, Denitrification, Organic Matter Remineralization Benthos

  6. = C C N N P P Si Si Multi-Element Components Phytoplankton Living & Non-Living Organic Matter = Benthos

  7. Examples: Qual2E, WASP Living & Non-Living Organic Matter Phytoplankton 1. Phyto as chl-a 2. BOD 4. Org. P 3. Org. N Oxygen, Other Oxidants Nutrients 5. Dissolved Oxygen 6. NH3 8. NO3 7. NO2 9. Ortho P Benthos

  8. Examples: CE-Qual-W2, V3 (NEEM) Living & Non-Living Organic Matter Phytoplankton 1. Diatoms, Dinoflagg’s 2. B-G Algae 3. Mixed Summer Phyto. 4. Labile Partic. OM 5. Refrac. Partic. OM 6, 7. L & R Diss. OM 8. Part. Si Oxygen, Other Oxidants Nutrients 10. NH3 12. Diss. Si 11. NO2+ NO3 13. Ortho P 9. Dissolved Oxygen 14. Benthic Organic Matter Benthos

  9. Examples: Hydroqual, CE-Qual-ICM Living & Non-Living Organic Matter Phytoplankton 4,5,6. Lab-Par-Org C,N,P 7,8,9. Ref-Par-Org C,N,P 10,11,12. Lab-Dis-Org C,N,P 13,14,15. Ref-Dis-Org C,N,P 16,17. Reactive, Exuded DOC 18. Biogenic Silica 1. Diatoms, Dinoflagg’s 2. B-G Algae 3. Mixed Summer Phyto. Oxygen, Other Oxidants Nutrients 19. Dissolved Oxygen 20. NH3 22. Diss. Si 21. NO2 +NO3 23. Ortho P 24-32. React, Refr, Inert Part. C,N,P Benthos

  10. Divide Estuary into Segments

  11. Layer 1 S1 S1 Layer 4 S2 S2 S3 S3 S4 X-section Representation • trapezoidal cross-sections for each segment Sediment Compartments

  12. Exchanges with Other Media

  13. Physical Processes Neuse EstuaryEutrophicationModel

  14. Modeled Salinities - September 1991

  15. Organic Matter Phytoplankton Nitrogen Cycling Nutrients RDON NO3 LDON Dia-Dino Sum. Phyto. B-G Algae NH4 LPON RPON Benthic ON Benthos

  16. Component Analysis - Summer 1997 • Based on the NEEM simulations • Calibrated/Verified to 1991 and 1997 monitoring data • Summer conditions (June - September)

  17. 0.411% 0.0209% 5.17% 0.678% 0.0374% 0.676% 46.5% 46.5% Carbon Distribution by Component LDOM RDOM LPOM RPOM Dia-Dino Sum. Phy. B-G Alg. BOD Benthic OC = 500% Relative Mass

  18. 0.0186% 0.604% 4.61% 9.33% 0.0333% 2% 0.602% 41.4% 41.4% Nitrogen Distribution by Component LDOM RDOM LPOM RPOM Dia-Dino Sum. Phy. B-G Alg. NH3 NOX Relative Mass

  19. 0.0181% 0.585% 4.46% 0.0322% 14.1% 0.583% 40.1% 40.1% Phosphorus Distribution by Component LDOM RDOM LPOM RPOM Dia-Dino Sum. Phy. B-G Alg. PO4 Relative Mass

  20. Estuary Exchanges • Looked at loadings: • freshwater loading to estuary • NH4 and NO3 loading to estuary • Combines monitoring and modeling results • Examined June - September 1997

  21. 23.9% 1.05% 3.31% 62% 1.2% 8.5% Estuary Loadings: Freshwater Neuse R. Trent R. Weyer. WWTP Swift Ck. Bachelor Ck. Precipitation Relative Flow

  22. Riverine NH4 Riverine NOx 0.899% Precipita. NH4 Precipita. NOx Sediment Release Pamlico NH4 Pamlico NOx 22.6% 21.3% DOM recycle 1.07% 3.06% 2.24% 18% 30.9% Estuary Loadings: Nitrogen Relative Amount

  23. Summary • All estuary eutrophication models have 4 components in common • phytoplankton, organic matter, nutrients, oxidants • In Neuse, most water-column C, N, & P is in phytoplankton pool • Important freshwaater exchanges occur w/ Neuse & Trent R., atmosphere • Internal recycling important to nutrient exchange

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