Understanding Enzyme Inhibition and Anaerobic Respiration in Biological Processes

2. Active (functional) protein Denatured protein

3. Enzyme Inhibition

4. Enzyme Inhibitors: Competitive Inhibition Example-Sulfa drugs (sulfonamides) Discovered in the 1930s

5. Figure 2.18

6. Representative Biological Oxidation Figure 5.10

7. Glycolysis • The oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid produces ATP (Substrate level phosphorylation)and NADH 2 Stages: See next 2 slides Figure 5.11

8. Preparatory Step Intermediate between Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle • Pyruvic acid (from glycolysis) is oxidized and decarboyxlated Figure 5.13

9. The Krebs Cycle Figure 5.13

10. Chemiosmotic Generation of ATP Figure 5.16

11. Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration • Aerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is molecular oxygen (O2). • Anaerobic respiration: The final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain is not O2. Yields less energy than aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycles operates under anaerobic conditions.

12. Anaerobic Respiration

13. Fermentation • FERMENTATION Scientific definition: • Releases energy from oxidation of organic molecules • Does not use oxygen • Does not use the Krebs cycle or ETC • Uses an organic molecule (pyruvic acid) as the final electron acceptor to form ‘end-products’ (acids and alcohols) • 2 ATPs netted

14. Types of Fermentation Figure 5.19

15. Catabolism of Organic Food Molecules Figure 5.21

16. Photosynthesis • Oxygenic: • Anoxygenic:

17. Metabolic Diversity among Organisms

18. Amphibolic Pathways Figure 5.33

19. Amphibolic Pathways Figure 5.33