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Understanding Multiculturalism and Racism

Learn about multiculturalism and racism through interactive activities and discussions. Explore the different models of minority integration and the policies towards diverse groups. Understand the impact of racism and discrimination on individuals and society.

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Understanding Multiculturalism and Racism

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  1. Unit 4 Multiculturalism & racism Laura Laubeova laubeova@fsv.cuni.cz http://minorities.fsv.cuni.cz/

  2. Unit Structure • Presentation on Rex by Julia • Activity on inclusion • Racism, discrimination • Inclusion, rights, equity • Homework 2 - Vocabulary of Discrimination

  3. Activity:Diamond ranking exercise to help you think about INCLUSION • There are nine concepts listed on the next slide. Copy them onto slips of paper. Feel free to substitute your own ideas for any of them, but you need to work with nine concepts. In groups of three, do a diamond ranking exercise in which you decide between you which (in your view) is the most important idea for INCLUSION, which are the next two most important ideas, then three, then two again, ending up with the one you think is less important than the others. It is not a competition, there are no “right or wrong” answers; merely a game to get you to think about the respective ideas.

  4. Tolerance and respect for others • Strong opinions about issues • Willingness to allow others their point of view • Everyone has an equal right to vote • Notions of being fair to a minority • The majority decides • A strong/charismatic leader to hold the factions together • Becoming helpfully involved in the life and concerns of your neighbourhood • AS A GROUP, YOU DECIDE ON THE NINTH STATEMENT

  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

  6. Multiculturalism • Descriptive • Normative- see bellow • Government policy (Canada, Australia) • Institutional policies (UK – racial equality, CERES)

  7. Multiculturalism – cont. • Conservative (diversity as a deficit, communit.) • Left essentialist (Afrocentrism, also comm.) • Liberal (natural equality, lack of opportunities, decontextualisation, depolitisation) but procedural liberalism vs communitarian liber. – Kis, Taylor, Kymlicka (see also politics of recognition) • Pluralist - salad bowl (exoticism, affirmation) vs melting pot

  8. Multiculturalism – cont. • Critical MC (Frankfurt School, power, emancipation, soc. justice, self reflection) • Antiracist (life chances - CERES) • Reflexive (Ali Ratansi – Derrida + Giddens) • Cosmopolitan • Ethnicity as habitus (Bourdieu) • Hybridity (H. Bhabha, Paul Gilroy, St. Hall) rooting vs shifting (see S. May, P. McLaren, etc)

  9. QUIZ Just one question to torture your memory…

  10. Referring to the reader what is the difference between multicultural and plural societies? Furnivall in all three texts

  11. MC- Context V. Parrillo: three models of minority integration: • Assimilation (majority- comformity) • Amalgamation (melting pot) • Accommodation (pluralism) (multiculturalism) Multiculturalism = diversity + cooperation Parrillo, 1997

  12. Assimilation • cultural (acculturation) • marital • structural (entrance into host society at all levels) Milton Gordon in Parrillo, 1997 • Voluntary vs forced • assimilation trap, double bind (Baubeck)

  13. Melting Pot (MP) Theory 1782 de Crevecoeur: „new breed of humanity“ 1893 Fred. Turner- frontier thesis „…merging… new product which held the promise of world brotherhood“ 1952 triple melting pot:Protestant, Catholic, Jewish Etc. MP = Anglocomformity (Parrillo 1997: 59)

  14. Multiculturalism – cont. Eva Sobotka: policies twds the Roma in CEE: • Exclusion • Assimilation • Co-existence • Multiculturalism Sobotka 2003

  15. Multicultural Policy target groups/requirements • Indigenous (Nunavat, Sami) • National minorities (Canada, Europe) • Legal immigrants (USA, Australia) • Irregular & illegal immigrants – denizens/metics • AfroAmericans • Roma, Ch. Jews, Amish, etc See Unit 3 Kymlicka – stages: communitarian, liberal, nation building

  16. Multiculturalism – cont. Integration, inclusion, inclusive education Intercultural vs multiculrural Politics of redistribution, of recognition (Frazer) – • politics of equal dignity (Autonomy) & • politics of difference (Authenticity) (Taylor)

  17. Racism & isms ……… sexism, disableism, ageism, homophobia Neil Thompson Racism can be defined as an attitude (ideology) or action (behaviour) that disadvantages individuals or groups on the basis of their “racial” inferiority[1], mainly by means of limiting their access to scarce resources.1]Racial difference or racial inferiority is often perceived or constructed in terms of different culture, ethnicity, religion, language, etc.

  18. Explanations of racism: 1. Psychological”Some people are like that” 2. Lack of knowledge, ignorance „To know is to love“ 3.Intergroup relations ”Birds of a feather” 4.Individuals are racists because the structures, practices, and values of our society are racist. ”Its the system”

  19. Discrimination/isms:Personal – Cultural - StructuralNeil Thompson

  20. Racisms – cont. • from violent attacks or scapegoating • topaternalistic crypto-racistassistance to m. • tendency to deny racism (unacceptable) two main meanings: 1) ideology (beliefs) about racial superiority 2) “the whole complex of factors which produce racial discrimination” and sometimes also “those which produce racial disadvantage” Cashmore

  21. Racism as ideology 1. the so called “scientific racism of the 19th century”, manifested for example in the publication by Herrnstein, Murray, 1995 2. “popular” racism or “common sense” racism that is based on ethnocentrism, a tendency to believe that one´s own cultural paradigm is universal, neutral and superior to any other culture

  22. In other words… Racism 1. denies all difference in the name of universality of the human nature, but unconsciously it takes back this universality to the dominant model; 2. uses the obvious differences to turn them into instruments of domination, exploitation, condemnation, exclusion, or extermination.

  23. Racisms- cont. • „Racism, in short, involves • stereotypes about difference and inferiority • use of power to exclude, discriminate, subjugate“ • The Parekh Report, 2000 • Attitudes • Behaviour • Structures Inequality Prejudice Discrimination

  24. Racisms – cont. Prejudice Discrimination Exclusion

  25. assimilation is possible yes no assimilation is required yes compulsory assimilation racist double-bind no pluralism segregation Assimilation and Racism(Bauböck)

  26. assimilationist policies inclusiveness

  27. Assimilationist model DIFFERENCEDEFICIT ASSIMILATION COMPENSATORY PROGRAMMES Does the individual fit into the System or ‘Institution’? ASSIMILATION

  28. Curriculum (Multiculturalism) model Cultural Effects CULTURES LIFESTYLES ATTITUDES PLURALIST TOLERANCE AND HARMONY  Does the organisation of this ‘institution’ recognise Diversity ? PLURALIST

  29. Equity/Rights Model Social and Political Effects EQUITY PARTICIPATION ANTIDISCRIMINATORY LIFE CHANCES Are people enabled in this‘institution’? Do the structures allow for achievement, growth and opportunities? ANTIDISCRIMINATORY

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