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Aim Investigate circulatory levels of biomarkers for muscle damage.

This study investigates plasma biomarkers for muscle damage in nondisabled and spinal cord injured individuals to detect deep pressure ulcers early. Results show unique marker profiles with correlations between markers. Findings suggest potential for early ulcer detection using these plasma markers.

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Aim Investigate circulatory levels of biomarkers for muscle damage.

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  1. Plasma variation of biomarkers for muscle damage in male nondisabled and spinal cord injured subjects Sandra Loerakker, MSc; Elise S. Huisman, MSc; Henk A. M. Seelen, PhD; Jan F. C. Glatz, PhD; Frank P. T. Baaijens, PhD; Cees W. J. Oomens, PhD; Dan L. Bader, PhD

  2. Aim • Investigate circulatory levels of biomarkers for muscle damage. • Explore possibility of using them to detect deep pressure ulcers. • Relevance • Deep pressure ulcers are major problem for people with spinal cord injury (SCI) • Initial damage often hidden underneath intact skin. • Early detection is difficult and treatment is problematic.

  3. Methods • In small groups of nondisabled subjects and subjects with SCI, we measured 5-day baseline concentrations of: • Creatine kinase. • Myoglobin (Mb). • Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (H-FABP). • C-reactive protein (CRP).

  4. Results • Each subject had unique marker concentration profile. • Mb and H-FABP were correlated for both subject groups. • No significant differences in marker concentrations between groups, although trend toward higher CRP was observed in SCI subjects. • One SCI subject with category II pressure ulcer had higher H-FABP and CRP concentrations than all other subjects.

  5. Conclusions • Variations in each marker concentration were smaller than predicted increases after pressure ulcers. • Therefore, this combination of plasma markers may prove appropriate for early detection of deep pressure ulcers.

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