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Understanding Bloodborne Pathogens: Risks and Prevention

Learn about bloodborne pathogens like HIV and Hepatitis B/C, how they are transmitted, common symptoms, and ways to reduce the risk of exposure at work. Stay informed and protect yourself and others.

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Understanding Bloodborne Pathogens: Risks and Prevention

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  1. Bloodborne Pathogens

  2. Bloodborne Pathogens • Bloodborne Pathogens are microorganisms (such as viruses) transmitted through blood, or other potentially infectious material such as certain bodily fluids (semen, breast milk, etc.) or tissues.

  3. Bloodborne Pathogens • Bodily fluids, especially those visibly contaminated with blood, are capable of causing disease. • Pathogens can enter your body through a cut in the skin, through your eyes or mouth. • Can also be transmitted sexually • Main diseases of concern are Hepatitis B (and C) virus, and HIV (AIDS virus).

  4. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) • HIV attacks your body’s ability to protect itself against disease • Initially no visible signs of having the virus • Most people with HIV develop AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome) • There is no vaccination for HIV

  5. HIV • Virus lives outside the body only a few hours • 4 modes of transfer: • blood • semen • vaginal secretions • breast milk

  6. HIV 10-50 virus particles per ml of blood

  7. Aids Statistics from CDC

  8. Aids Statistics from CDC

  9. Aids Statistics from CDC

  10. Hepatitis B (and C) Hepatitis B Virus • Up to 100 times easier to catch than HIV • Unlike HIV, can live outside of body for several days

  11. Concentration of Hepatitis B Virus in Various Body Fluids

  12. Hepatitis B • 1,000,000 - 1,000,000,000 virus particles per ml of blood • Virus can live outside the body for several days

  13. HIV vs. Hepatitis B

  14. Hepatitis C • 3-4 million carriers • Disease can incubate for decades • By 2010 may affect more Americans each year than AIDS • HCV not related to the viruses that cause HBA and HBV

  15. Hepatitis C

  16. Hepatitis C • Risk Factors: • Long-term kidney dialysis • Sex with multiple partners • Tattooing or body piercing with shared needles or unsterilized equipment • Intranasal cocaine use with shared straws Pamela Anderson claims her infection came from a tattoo needle

  17. Hepatitis B (and C) • There is no cure for Hepatitis B or C… • but unlike HIV, there is a vaccination for Hepatitis B. (There is no vaccination for Hepatitis C)

  18. HBV and HCV • Liver is located behind the lower ribs on the right side of your abdomen • Weighs about 3 pounds and is roughly the size of a football. • If infected with HBV, the liver often becomes tender and enlarged

  19. Some signs and symptoms of HBV and HBC include: • Flu-like symptoms • fatigue • jaundice • severe pain in joints • lung disease • inflammation of liver • inflammation on and ulcers of the colon • may be asymptomatic (i.e. no symptoms indicated) normal Yellow from jaundice

  20. Hepatitis Acute:6-8 weeks, 90% • 30-40% with acute HBV have no idea how or when they became infected • 5-15% of infected carry virus for longer than 6 months (carriers) Chronic: Life, 10% • Hepatitis B carriers are people infected with HBV and never fully recover. They carry the virus and can infect others for the rest of their lives • Approximately one million people in the US carry HBV

  21. Risk Factors for Acute Hepatitis B

  22. Hepatitis B • “The risk of contracting Hepatitis B from a single needlestick contaminated with blood from a person with known Hepatitis B ranges from 6% to 30%.” • “Approximately 10% of those infected become chronic carriers who can infect their families and friends. They have up to 300 times greater than normal risk of developing liver cancer.” • “Every year, approximately 5,000 Americans, die of HBV or its complications.

  23. Statistics from Milwaukee Journal/Sentinel • “…1 in 300 infected with HIV” Milwaukee Journal/Sentinel, July 7, 1996 • “one in 20 people has or has had Hepatitis”

  24. How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread on the Job • By a sharp object that is contaminated by the virus when it cuts or punctures your skin.

  25. How Bloodborne Pathogens Spread on the Job • When a contaminated object touches inflamed skin, acne, skin abrasions • When you touch a contaminated surface and then touch your eyes, nose, mouth, or open wounds or inflamed skin

  26. How to Reduce Your Risk • Only PPS Employees at moderate risk are included in the campus Bloodborne Pathogens Exposure Control Plan. • Employees in the plan can receive HBV vaccinations at no cost. • There are specific training, engineering, and work practice controls for those potentially at risk of exposure to BBP on the job.

  27. How to Reduce Your Risk UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS/ STANDARD PRECAUTIONS: • Asystem of infection control which assumes that all human blood and certain body fluids are treated as if known to be infectious.

  28. Use Spill Kit for Clean-up Kit Includes: • Face Mask • Gloves • Goggles • Sharps Disposal Container • Voban • Fluid Control Solidifier • Personal Safety Equipment Cleaning Pads

  29. How to Reduce Your Risk • Don’t Recap Needles

  30. How to Reduce Your Risk • Do not bend, shear, break or recap needles • If you must recap, use one-handed method

  31. How to Reduce Your Risk • Needles and other sharps must be discarded in rigid, leak-proof, puncture resistance containers

  32. How to Reduce Your Risk • When emptying trash containers, do not use your hands to compress the trash in the bag.

  33. How to Reduce Your Risk • Lift and carry the trash bag away from your body

  34. How to Reduce Your Risk • Do not eat, drink, smoke, apply cosmetics or handle contact lenses in areas where there is the possibility of exposure to BBP, such as in UWM labs

  35. Personal Protective Equipment • Gloves, masks, eye protection, CPR microshields

  36. Clean-up Procedures

  37. Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures • Get Spill Kit from Janitorial Closet • Put on gloves.

  38. Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures • If splashing is anticipated, wear protective eyewear and mask

  39. Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures • Remove visible material with absorbent towels

  40. Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures • Area should be decontaminated for 10 minutes • Once the area has been disinfected, dry area with absorbent towels and dispose of towels in regular trash

  41. Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures • Glove removal and disposal technique

  42. Glove Removal and Disposal • Grip one glove near the cuff and peel it down until it comes off inside out. Cup it in the palm of your gloved hand. • Place two fingers of your bare hand inside the cuff of the remaining glove.

  43. Glove Removal and Disposal • Peel that glove down so that it also comes off inside out and over the first glove. • Properly dispose of the gloves.

  44. Body Fluid Cleanup Procedures • Wash hands well.

  45. Vaccination • Very low risk vaccine • Three doses over 6 months • Must receive all three doses • >79% effective • Free to employees • May decline vaccine (but must sign waiver) • May receive vaccine later

  46. Accident/Injury Report • Complete report as soon as possible after incident • Turn in to your supervisor • Form is submitted to Workers Compensation

  47. Conclusion Any Questions? Thank You!

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