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85 L Homologous Structures Human Arm

85 L Homologous Structures Human Arm. Humerus. Humerus. Human Arm. Humerus. Humerus. Ulna. Ulna. Human Arm. Humerus. Humerus. Radius. Radius. Ulna. Ulna. Human Arm. Humerus. Humerus. Radius. Radius. Ulna. Ulna. Carpals. Carpals. Human Arm. Humerus. Humerus. Radius.

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85 L Homologous Structures Human Arm

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  1. 85 L Homologous StructuresHuman Arm Humerus Humerus

  2. Human Arm Humerus Humerus Ulna Ulna

  3. Human Arm Humerus Humerus Radius Radius Ulna Ulna

  4. Human Arm Humerus Humerus Radius Radius Ulna Ulna Carpals Carpals

  5. Human Arm Humerus Humerus Radius Radius Ulna Ulna Carpals Carpals Metacarpals Metacarpals

  6. Human Arm Humerus Humerus Radius Radius Ulna Ulna Carpals Carpals Metacarpals Metacarpals Phalanges Phalanges

  7. What do these structures look like in other organisms? Round 1: Choose: Lizard, whale, or cat • Color the structures in according to human arm example • Share with your group...What patterns do you see? Round 2: Choose either: Crocodile, bird, or bat • Color the structures in according to human arm example • Share with your group...What patterns do you see?

  8. Homologous Structures 85R • Homo- means the same • -logous means information • Share a relatively recent ancestor

  9. Checking for understanding:Discuss with your partner: • Are the functions of the limbs of each of the animals illustrated the same or different? • Are the bones of the limbs arranged in a similar or in a very different way in each animal? • Offer a possible evolutionary explanation for how the skeletons can be similar but the functions very different in each of the animals.

  10. Homologous Structures 85R Homologous structures are formed in similar ways during embryonic development and share like arrangements, however they can have different forms and functions.

  11. Examples of evolutionary timelines... • Following are some examples of evolutionary timelines. • As we study them, consider how these organisms changed. • Were the changes quick or slow? • Do the changes support the theory of evolution? Why or why not?

  12. Example 1: • What do you notice in the picture below? • Which limb is oldest? How do they change over time?

  13. Example 1: The picture below shows changes in the forelimb (fin to foot) as fish evolved into tetrapods.

  14. Example 2: • What do you notice in the picture below? • Which organisms are represented? How do they change over time? • Does this evidence support the theory of evolution? How?

  15. Example 2: • The picture below shows a small predatory dinosaur, several types of archeopteryx and a modern bird. • Can you see the similarities and changes to the skeletons as time passes?

  16. Example 3

  17. Dinosaurs Evolve Clip 1: Dinosaurs evolve into birds: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0-7iXyYS0uw Clip 2: How did feathers evolve: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hPLgfGX1I5Y

  18. What pattern do you see?

  19. Analogous Structures: 85R Some apparently unrelated animals have organs with similar functions, yet are very different in structure and form, and do not come from the same embryological tissues. These structures are called analogous structures.

  20. Homologous and Analogous module: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/similarity_ms_01 Discuss the following questions with your partner: • What is the difference between homology and analogy. • How are tetrapod limbs similar to each other? • Give four examples of homologous tetrapod limbs. • Give an example of a homologous structure in insects. • What can happen to homologous structures of different species over time? • Why are tetrapod and octopus limbs not homologous?

  21. Homologous and Analogous module: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/similarity_ms_01 Be ready to discuss: • What is the difference between homology and analogy.

  22. Homologous and Analogous module: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/similarity_ms_01 Be ready to discuss: • What is the difference between homology and analogy. homology- traits inherited by two different organisms from a common ancestry analogy- similarity due to convergent evolution, not common ancestry

  23. Homologous and Analogous module: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/similarity_ms_01 2. How are tetrapod limbs similar to each other?

  24. Homologous and Analogous module: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/similarity_ms_01 2. How are tetrapod limbs similar to each other? • all built from many individual bones • they are all spin-offs of the same basic bone layout: one long bone attached to two other bones (radius and ulna), with a branching series of smaller bones (carpals, metacarpals and phalanges) on the end.

  25. Homologous and Analogous module: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/similarity_ms_01 3. Give four examples of homologous tetrapod limbs.

  26. Homologous and Analogous module: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/similarity_ms_01 3. Give four examples of homologous tetrapod limbs. Human Bird Whale Lizard

  27. Homologous and Analogous module: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/similarity_ms_01 4. Give an example of a homologous structure in insects.

  28. Homologous and Analogous module: https://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/similarity_ms_01 5. What can happen to homologous structures of different species over time? 6. Why are tetrapod and octopus limbs not homologous?

  29. What is an evolutionary tree? Tetrapod lineage (animals with four legs)

  30. What is an evolutionary tree? 86 R Tetrapod lineage (animals with four legs) • In an evolutionary tree, • traits are passed from ancestor to descendant

  31. What are you looking at?

  32. What is an embryo? 86R Embryo: An organism’s early pre-birth stage of development.

  33. What organisms do you think these are?

  34. How about now?

  35. And now...

  36. And now... Pig Dog Cat Human

  37. What patterns do you notice?

  38. 86 R(use top half of page)

  39. Embryo observations A B C D

  40. Fully Developed Organism A B C D

  41. Reflection 86R bottom half of page): 1. Did you have more similarities or differences in your embryo observations chart? Use evidence from your observation chart to explain your answer. 2. Did you have more similarities or differences in your fully developed organisms observations chart? Use evidence from your observation chart to explain your answer. 3. How do you think comparative embryology shows support for evolution?

  42. Embryonic Evidence for Evolution: (87L) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ictZJln3Vj4 • Who was Ernst Haeckel? How did his work contribute to Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution? 2. What did Haeckel's drawings show? 3. All animals come from a common __________________. 4. What was the problem with Haeckel's drawings? 5. One of the main points of Haeckel's drawings is that the more closely related embryo forms shared a more recent common ancestor. Going back to your embryo drawings what two shared a more recent common ancestor? 6. Another important idea from Haeckel's drawings that scientists have held up over the years is that within closely related forms, earlier stages will be more similar than late stages. Do your embryo drawings agree with this idea?

  43. Read comparative embryology for the vertebrate body

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