Warm Up – March 12

1. Warm Up – March 12 • Grab the handout from the front table and answer the following questions on your notes: • 1. Primary factors in the spread of Buddhism to China • 2. Similarities and Differences in the spread of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa, Europe and Southeast Asia • 3. One Similarity and One Difference Between Silk Road and Trans-Saharan Trade • 4. Goal of the Mongols in China – how did the Mongols structure their administrative and political structure in order to achieve this goal?

2. Period 4: 1450-1750 (Global interactions) Hundred Years War

3. European State-Building • 2nd half of 15th century = began to recover from the plague and rebuild its population • State-building occurred as Europe rebuilt politically • Fragmented system of many separate, independent, and highly competitive states • Examples: Spain, Portugal, France, England

4. European State-Building

5. European State-Building • All of these states began to: • Tax their citizens more efficiently • Create more effective administrative structures • Raise standing armies • State-building driven by: • The needs of war  warfare very frequent in such a fragmented and competitive political environment

6. Hundred Years’ War (1337-1453) • Between England and France • Fought over rival claims to territories in France • Result = French victory

7. Joan of Arc (1412-1431) • Born a peasant girl; became a French female knight • Led the French army to several important victories in the Hundred Years’ War • Claimed divine guidance • Captured by the English and burned at the stake at 19 years old

8. DBQ - Review • Make sure you are relating your discussion of the docs to the question being asked. Every discussion about the docs should relate to how Islam was spread • “Doc 1 states that Muhammed will defend people if they pay tribute and obey the Lord and his messenger, but will fight against them if they go against him. People would feel threatened by this and choose to convert to Islam instead of having to fight and go against Muhammed.”

9. DBQ Review • Make sure you address every document – and choose three to ALSO discuss the point of view or purpose • Write “The point of view of this author is …” • Write “Additional evidence shows…”

10. Period 3 Test Review • Byzantine Empire Political and Religious Structure - Provinces within the empire ruled by generals who had civil authority and could raise their own armies • Government focused on: collecting taxes, maintaining order, and suppressing revolts • Church and state were connected • Unlike in Western Europe  where the Roman Catholic Church was independent from political authorities • Emperor = assumed roles of head of state and head of the Church • Eastern Orthodox Christianity

11. Period 3 Test Review • Western Europe – Political Structure (Feudalism) and Economy (Manor System) • Charlemagne attempted to reunite Germanic Kingdoms into an empire (Holy Roman Empire) but failed • No Centralized Governments • Very little trade • Very little cultural interaction

12. Western Europe – Positives and Negatives of Urbanizations Positives • Population of Europe more than doubled • Increased agriculture • More agriculture = more trade Negatives • Cities were dirty, smelled terribly, and had almost no sanitation • Black Death

13. Crusades – Goals and Effects • Goals - A Series of wars fought between Christians and Muslims over the holy land of Jerusalem • Effects – cultures interact again, goods from Middle East traded in Europe, people return to cities, brings an end to Feudalism

14. Spread of Buddhism in China – how was the religion able to spread - who did it appeal to and why? • Merchants, traders using Silk Road – appealed to lower classes who felt alienated by Confucianism

15. Mongol Empire – Occupying China – Political and Cultural structures • Stayed in China – main goal was to extract wealth so they keep conquering other civilizations • Administrative polities – Mongols took higher governmental positions while Chinese were given lower level positions • Religion – allowed to practice religion as long as it didn’t interfere with the Mongols goals

16. Compare and Contrast the Trans-Sarahan Trade Route to Silk Road and Indian Ocean Trade Difference - Silk Road – Buddhism Trans-Sarahan – Islam Similarity – Silk Road and Trans-Sarahan – Both used camels to transport goods

17. Song Dynasty – Political Structure and Major Innovations • Centralized government • 6 major departments = personnel, finance, rites, army, justice, and public works • Censorate = agency that watched over the rest of government to make sure everything ran smoothly • Government officials chosen based on a revived Confucian-based examination system • Agriculture • Iron industry boomed • Woodblock and moveable type • Larger ships and magnetic compass • Gunpowder

18. Song Dynasty – Effects of Neo-Confuscianism • Major revival of Confucianism = belief in female subordination • Foot Binding • Textile Jobs go to men

19. Effects of Chinese Civilization on … Korea – Buddhism, Confucianism Vietnam – Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism, Administrative techniques, Examination system, Artistic and literary styles Japan - Buddhism and Confucianism, Chinese-style court rituals and court rankings, Chinese calendar, Chinese-based taxation systems, Chinese-style law codes and government departments, Chinese-style writing system (all Chinese influence in Japan was voluntary, Chinese have never successfully invaded Japan)

20. Islam – Origins and Basics • Muhammed – final messenger of God • Quran – holy book • Monotheistic  Allah is the only God • Rejected Christian idea of the Trinity • The Quran rejected: • Hoarding of wealth and materialism • Exploitation of the poor • Corrupt business practices • Neglecting widows and orphans • Abuse of women • The Quran demanded: • Social justice • Equality • Aid to the poor

21. Islam – Origins and Basics • 5 Pillars of Islam • Lesser Jihad and Greater Jihad • Islamic Law - Regulated every aspect of life

22. Aztecs– Political and Religious Structures • Capital = Tenochtitlan • Chinampas = artificial islands used for farming • built canals and bridges to connect the mainland to the island where the capital was • Aztec civilization organized as a hierarchy (emperor, nobility, commoners, serfs, slaves) • Live human sacrifices were needed to keep the gods happy

23. Incas– Political and Religious Structures • Capital = Cuzco • Strong central government  local rulers had to report to Inca emperor • Human Sacrifices; polytheistic • Emperor closely controlled the lives of common people • No writing system • Live human sacrifices were needed to keep the gods happy • Mita = labor service used • Required periodically of every household • Required to work for the state

24. Aztecs and Incas Comparison • Incas – strong central government; Aztecs – focus on conquering • Both – Gender Parallelism - Separate spheres and responsibilities, but each one equally valuable • Each had autonomy in its own sphere • Did NOT mean total gender equality