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Preview: Map Analysis

Use the AP HITS method to analyze the Treaty of Tordesillas, which divided the New World between Spain and Portugal. Explore the historical context, author's purpose, intended audience, and significance of the treaty.

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Preview: Map Analysis

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  1. Preview: Map Analysis

  2. Preview: Map Analysis Europe North America Asia Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Africa Pacific Ocean Indian Ocean South America Australia

  3. Analyzing and Evaluating a Document: AP HITS TASK: Use the AP HITS method to understand the Treaty of Tordesillas. HOW: A – Author’s purpose P – Point of View H – Historical Context I – Intended Audience T – Thesis S – Significance

  4. Analyzing and Evaluating a Document: AP HITS Step 1: Silently read the excerpts from the document. Step 2: Follow along as the teacher reads. Step 3: When prompted, join in and read the text aloud with the teacher.

  5. Analyzing and Evaluating a Document: AP HITS Step 4: Work with a partner to complete your APHITS analysis. Step 5: Be prepared to share your analysis with the class.

  6. Who?Authors and Point of View Signed between Spain and Portugal • Evidence: Title at top of page, Bottom of page – “I, THE KING. I, THE QUEEN. I, THE PRINCE. I, FERNANDO ALVAREZ de Toledo, secretary of the king and of the queen, our lords, have caused it to be written by their mandate.”

  7. BackgroundHistorical Context • 1481: the papal Bull Aeterni Regis granted all land south of the Canary Islands to Portugal. • When Columbus returned in 1493 he told the Pope what he had found. • The Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI changed the decree in May 1493.

  8. Papal Bull Inter Caetera by Pope Alexander VIMore historical Context • All lands west of a meridian 100 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands would belong to Spain. ( 345 miles). • All discovered lands east of the line would belong to Portugal. • All territory currently under Christian rule would remain untouched. BTW – the Pope was of Spanish decent

  9. Time to Negotiateeven more historical context • King John of Portugal was not happy! • Wanted the line moved west. • Told Spain that since it would go all the way around the world, it would limit Spanish control in Asia. • King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella agreed. • Their treaty countered the papal Bull • Uncontested by Pope Alexander VI • Sanctioned by Pope Julius II in a new Bull in 1506.

  10. Intended Audience • King John of Portugal • King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella • Pope Alexander VI • Pope Julius II • All other Nations striving for territory in the New World

  11. Thesis – Main Idea - Goal Designed to divide the world outside Europe. • Evidence: “a boundary… be determined and drawn from pole to pole… from the Arctic to the Antarctic… three hundred and seventy leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands…” Intended to resolve disputes between the two powers when Columbus returned in 1493. • Evidence: “… a certain controversy exists … for the sake of peace… for the preservation of the relationship…”

  12. Terms of the TreatySignificance • Moved the line to a position 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands (1,277 miles). • Portugal gained a larger portion of South America: Brazil. • Spain gained control (on paper) of most of the New World.

  13. After the TreatyMore Significance • Portugal discovers Brazil by accident in 1500. Cabral • The line wasn’t enforced by the Spanish so the Portuguese encroached deep into South America. • France, England, and the Netherlands were refused access.

  14. Treaty of Saragossa 1529 • Both Portugal and Spain claimed the Moluccas Islands. It was an important source of spices, especially CLOVES. • The new treaty established a new line • 297.5 leagues (1020 miles) east of the Moluccas. • Spain received money in compensation. • Portugal gained control of all lands west of the line. • All of Asia • All neighboring islands • The Philippines • Spain “got” the Pacific Ocean.

  15. A view of the Treaties

  16. Spain and Portugal: The final tally • Spain wanted the Philippines back. • 1542, King Charles V decided to take them. • Figured Portugal wouldn’t care because there was no spice. • He was wrong! • 1565, King Philip II succeeded in taking them back from Portugal (until 1898 when the USA grabbed them). • Most of South America • Mexico, Central America and large portions of the present-day southern and western US. • Portugal’s holdings • Brazil • Moluccas • Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and Sao Tome and Principe in Africa. • Goa and Daman and Diu in India • East Timor and Macau in the Far East.

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