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TEXONO Research Program on Low Energy Neutrino and Astroparticle Physics

The TEXONO Research Program focuses on studying low energy neutrinos and astroparticle physics. The program includes various research topics, facilities, and R&D projects. The program aims to explore new detection channels and study the properties and interactions of neutrinos. The program has achieved significant results and has been recognized internationally.

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TEXONO Research Program on Low Energy Neutrino and Astroparticle Physics

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  1. TEXONO Research Program on Low Energy Neutrino and Astroparticle Physics • TEXONO Collaboration : Overview • Kuo-Sheng(國聖) Reactor Neutrino Laboratory ※Facilities ※ Research Topics • R&D Program • Summary & Outlook Henry T. Wong / 王子敬 Academia Sinica /中央研究院 @ NTHU / 清華大學 *Taiwan EXperiement On NeutrinO http://hepmail.phys.sinica.edu.tw/~texono/

  2. TEXONO* Collaboration W.C. Chang, K.C. Cheng, M.H. Chou, H.C. Hsu, C.H. Iong, G.C.Jon, F.S. Lee, S.C.Lee, H.B. Li, V. Singh, D.S. Su, P.K.Teng, H.T.K.Wong,  S.C. Wu Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan W.P. Lai Chung Kuo Institute of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan C.H. Hu, W.S. Kuo, T.R. Yeh Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Lungtan, Taiwan H.Y. Liao, S.T. Lin,M.Z. Wang National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan F.K. Lin National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan Z.M. Fang, R.F. Su Nuclear Power Station II, Kuosheng, Taiwan J. Bao, K.J. Dong, S. Jiang, L. Hou, Y.H. Liu, H.Q. Tang, B. Xin, Z.Y. Zhou Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing, China J.Li, Y. Liu, J. Nie, Z.P.Mao, J.F.Qiu, H.Y.Sheng, P.L.Wang, X.W. Wang, D.X.Zhao, P.P.Zhao, B.A.Zhuang Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China J.Q. Lu, T.Y. Chen Nanjing University, Nanjing, China Y. An, D.Z. Liu, Q. Yue, Y.F. Zhu Tsing Hua University, Beijing, China C.Y. Chang, G.C.C. Chang University of Maryland, Maryland, U.S.A. Co-Prinicipal Investigators Ph.D. Students • HISTORY • Initiate : Chang Chung-Yung 1996 • First Collab. Meeting/Official Start : October 1997 • First Paper : October 1998 • KS Reactor Experiment Installation : June 2000 • First Ph.D. : Liu Yan , July 2000 • First Physics Data Taking : June 2001. • First Physics Results: Dec 2002.

  3. TEXONO Overview Program: • Kuo-Sheng Reactor Neutrino Laboratory ※ reactor : high flux of low energy electron anti-neutrinos ※ oscillation expts. mn0  anomalous n properties & interactions • ※ n physics full of surprises , need intense n-source • study/constraint new regime wherever experimentally accessible • explore possible new detection channels • R&D Projects Poineering Efforts : “Zero-Background Experiment” ! • KS Expt:1st large-scale particle physics experiment in Taiwan • TEXONO Coll. : 1st big research Coll. % Taiwan & China [feature report in Science, Vol. 300, 1074 (2003) ]

  5. Kuo-Sheng Nuclear Power Plant KS NPS-II : 2 cores  2.9 GW KS nLab: 28 m from core#1

  6. Kuo-Sheng Neutrino Laboratory • High flux of ne(also ….. ne) • Modular Design : independentdetector, electronics, shielding • high-Z target, large re • Improved detector performance:  good energy & spatial resolution, low threshold, a/g separation • Elaborate electronics+DAQ+control sys.  complete record of pulse shape + timing info. • Elaborate Shieldings  radon purge & 4p cosmic veto

  7. Kuo Sheng Reactor Neutrino Laboratory Front Gate Front View (cosmic vetos, shieldings, control room …..) Configuration: Modest yet Unique Flexible Design: Allows different detectors conf. for different physics Inner Target Volume

  8. KS Expt: Period I Detectors ULB-HPGe [1 kg] CsI(Tl) [46 kg] FADC Readout [16 ch., 20 MHz, 8 bit] Multi-Disks Array [600 Gb]

  9. Kuo Sheng Reactor Neutrino Laboratory : First Results  Li Hau-Bin’s / 李浩斌Talk Citation in AIP’s Physics News Update #631-1 (2003).

  10. Reactor mn(ne) Sensitivities Gn Sensitivities

  11. Coverage in International Press

  12. Also ……. • Results cited in plenary review talk in major high energy physics meeting in 2003 (EPS03, LP03) • Invited plenary subject review for HTW at Neutrino-2004 • Results presented in major meetings (WIN02, PaNiC02, TAUP03, EPS03 ……)

  13. KS Physics Program : Period I & II HPGe [1 kg] : • mn + Gn : x2 more data from PRL improved background & analysis • study ne flux from reactor dominated by 51Cr : • study possible nuclear transitions e.g. 73Ge* decays by 2g’s separated by t1/2=4.6 ms CsI(Tl) [186 kg] : • attempt measurement of Standard Model s(nee-)  sin2qw at MeV range Prototype ULE-HPGe [5 g] : • threshold < 300 eV  ~ 100 eV • explore potentials on nN coherent scattering & CDM  Xin Biao’s / 辛標 Talk

  14. Reactor Neutrino Interaction Cross-Sections P2: SM (ne) > 2 MeV P1: MM (ne) 1-100 keV P3+: Coh. (nN) < 1 keV

  15. Period-2 CsI(Tl) Array : 186 kg, 93 crystals Single Crystal QL Vs QR (Raw Data) Z = 0 cm  Venktesh Singh‘s Talk Z =40 cm 208Tl 40K 137Cs Region of Interest for SMs(ne)

  16. “Ultra-Low-Energy” HPGe Prototype • mass 5 g ; can be constructed in multi-array form • threshold <100 eV after modest PSD • background measurement on-site Nov 03 • study appl. in nN coherent scattering and Dark Matter searches  Li Hau-Bin’s / 李浩斌Talk

  17. R&D Projects • Explore New Detectors Scenarios (LEn, CDM …) • other crystal scintillators (GSO …) • ultra low energy HPGe [ O(100 eV) threshold ] • Feasibility Studies onCsI(Tl) for Dark Matter Searches  Approved Experiment @ Korea by KIMS Coll. • Upgrading FADCs (+ FPGA etc. capabilities…..) for LEPS@SPring8 • Trace Radio-purity with AMS( Accelerator Mass Spectrometry)  1st goal : sensitivity of 10-14 g/g in 40K • Sono-LuminescenceProject (inter-disciplinary)

  18. CsI(Tl) for CDM Searches (Feasibility Studies : TEXONO-CosPa Project) • Potential Merits: • Better PSD for g/a separation than NaI(Tl) • Minimal passive materials • Large target mass possible (c/f em-calor. 40 tons) • Highlights of R&D Program: • Quenching Factor measurements with neutron beam  lowest threshold data • 1st direct measurement of diff. cross section in heavy nuclei • PSD studies with Neural Net. & Max. Likelihood  improve conventional methods NKIMS Expt. :  200 kg CsI(Tl) for CDM in S. Korea

  19. TEXONO/KS FADC for SPring8/LEPS • 40 MHz ; 12 bit ; 32 ch/module @ 9 U VME [ c/f KS FADC : 20 MHz ; 8 bit ; 16 ch/module ] • On-board processing with FPGA • 1000 channels used in TPC in LEPS Expt. @ SPring8 TPC for LEPS @ SPring8 Mixed signal FADC Adapter Board • 40 MHz sampling rate. • 10 bits resolution with 2Vp-p dynamic range. • Clock distribution with Phase Lock Loop circuit. • On Board digital signal delay and • Real-Time ZERO-Suppression. • High capacity First In First Out Memory. • Easy to use with high density connector. (cosmic muon)

  20. Trace Radio-purity with AMS • Based at AMS facilities @CIAE with 13 MV Tandem • Potential Merits:  small samples, quick •  versatile on sample choice •  sensitive to a/b emitters •  sensitive to stable isotope & extrapolate (e.g. 39K) •  >103 improvements over ICP-MS • [.. once prescriptions are known. ] • Status :  demonstrate 129I/127I < 10-12 g/g  measure 40K~10-10 g/g in CsI (powder) Sensitivity goal : 10-14 g/g • Future :  different bases e.g. liquid scintillator 87Rb …… [238U / 232Th series after Tandem upgrade] ====== NSF funded projected in China , led by CIAE =====

  21. Sonoluminescence Project • a frontier subject with possible surprises • new directions : to explore subjects we do not know • inter-disciplinary research a testing ground from HEP future possibility • Table-top experiments, pursue-able in several labs  balance the other big & long time-scale projects  use HEP approaches • Focus : understand physics mechanism emissions of high energy radiations SonoLum Pulse  Lu Jia-Qi’s /路家棋Talk

  22. TEXONO-KIMS Connections ……… • Similar level of development, mutual benefits to work/associate closely • Sharing of know-how, ideas, friendships …. • Regular joint workshops rotating between Korea, Beijing, Taiwan • THU team participates in KIMS – Ph.D. 05 • TEXONO CsI(Tl) work & KS design adapted in KIMS’s set up at Y2L • TEXONO will soon import KIMS’s FADCs – 500 MHz with FPGA • TEXONO will bring LE-HPGe to Y2L for measurement 04/05 organized by THU team ; background below 1 keV, CDM searches ; proposal prepared for NSF China. • May broaden framework in the future Yangyang (襄陽) Lab (Y2L) min. 700 m of rock overburden

  23. Possibilities for Reactor q13……… • Geographically possible for medium baseline expt. at Kuo-Sheng: • Easy reach from city • Access to Plant established • Wan-Li Road tunnel at 2 km • 100 m rock overburden Contacts with International Team • Support/Endorse IHEP’s q13 Proposal at Daya Bay near Hong Kong •  More Powerful Reactor Complex • More overburden possible from mountains • Tunnel Digging Cost Less in China

  24. TEXONO STATUS • TEXONO Collaboration:  Built-Up and Growing • Kuo-Sheng Neutrino Lab.: Established & Operational ※Modular & Flexible Design Physics Data Taking since June 01 ※ Unique HPGe Low Energy Data ※Bkg Level ~ Underground CDM Expt. • Results published on mn (Gn) Other analyses under way • Period-II/III DAQ Improved HPGe Conf. 186 kg CsI(Tl) [s(ne) …] LEGe:study potentials for scoh(nN) • Diversified R&D Program in parallel • Reaching Out Y2L @ Korea / Daya Bay Project / Regional Framework

  25. Summary & Outlook • Neutrinos are importantbutstrange objects history of n physics full of surprises ! • Strong evidenceSof massive n’s & finite mixings Physics Beyond the Standard Model ! • More experiments & projects coming up EVEN MORE EXCITEMENT ! • TEXONO is also a (modest) part of it Tremendous Pleasure & Pressure !

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