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Text Structures

Learn about different text structures and how each contributes to the overall understanding of information. Identify 7 text structures, their signal words, and practice determining them in passages.

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Text Structures

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  1. Text Structures Informational Text

  2. Pre-assessment (3 minutes) • What are the parts of a car that are important to it functioning? List 3-4 parts of a car and why they are important to it functioning…

  3. Essential Question • How does each part of a text contribute to the text’s structure?

  4. Parts of a text are like parts of a car… -We will learn how to identify the 7 text structures. -We will learn how to pick out signal words that tell us a text’ structure -We will learn how each part is important to the whole…

  5. Guided Notes • Directions: Write down each of the text structures (7 total) and a definition/signal words that tell you it is that structure…

  6. What are text structures? • Different types of informational passages have different text structures. • Text structures are organizational patterns. • Authors use certain text structures to help their audience better understand the information presented.

  7. What are the types of informational text structures? 1. CAUSE AND EFFECT 2. COMPARE/CONTRAST 3. PROBLEM AND SOLUTION 4. CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER 5. ORDER OF IMPORTANCE 6. SEQUENCE 7. SPATIAL

  8. CAUSE AND EFFECTCharacteristics • describes a reason and its effect(s)

  9. CAUSE AND EFFECT signal words/phrases • Effect • As a result • Because • Consequently • For this reason • If…then • Since • Therefore

  10. COMPARE/CONTRASTCharacteristics • Compares and contrasts specific elements of two or more things

  11. COMPARE/CONTRAST signal words/phrases • Alike • As opposed to • Different • In common • On the other hand • Similar

  12. PROBLEM AND SOLUTION Characteristics • Describes a problem and its solution(s)

  13. PROBLEM AND SOLUTION signal words/phrases • Affect • As a result • Because • Consequently • For this reason • If…then • Since • therefore

  14. CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER characteristics • Sequence, or order based on time • Chrono = time

  15. CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER signal words/phrases • First • Next • Last • Then • After • Before • Later

  16. Social Studies and Science Texts • Most texts in SOCIAL STUDIES tend to be structured in chronological order or cause and effect. • Most texts in SCIENCE tend to be organized in problem/solution.

  17. Order of Importance • Information is expressed as a hierarchy or in priority • Either least important to most important or vice versa (Most important to least)

  18. Sequence • Information is organized in steps. • A process is explained. • Very similar to chronological, but the signal words are not time related. Only first, then, the next step, finally, etc…

  19. Spatial/Descriptive • Information is organized in order of space (top to bottom, left to right). • Example: • When you walk into my living room, my sofa and a bookcase is to your right. To your left are the stairs leading to the second floor. The second bookcase is directly in front of you. On top of the second bookcase is my navy teddy bear.

  20. Let’s Practice • Read the following passage. Determine the text structure and explain how it contributes to the overall development of ideas.

  21. #1 In the game of volleyball, players hit a ball over a long net that stretches across a court. There are twelve players on the court at one time—six players per team. The game of tennis is similar to volleyball in that a ball is hit over a long net on a court, but this is all the two sports have in common. In tennis, the ball is hit with a racquet, and only two or four players are on the court at one time.

  22. #2 A lot of students have been failing classes. These students wouldn’t be failing classes if they studied more, asked questions, tried harder, and came in for extra help. Even though a lot of students fail classes, they have many options if they want to pass.

  23. In your small groups, discuss the following prompts. You may use your guided notes as a resource. 1. Determine the text structure of the passage. 2. Explain what clues led you to determine that text structure.

  24. #3 • Lots of students fail classes. Some students fail because the work is too hard for them. Other times they may fail because they are lazy, and don’t do any work. Another reason why students may fail is if they don’t go to school. If you’re not in class you may miss a lot. Many students fail classes every quarter.

  25. #4 Gail Devers experienced the highlight of any sprinter’s career, as she stood on the huge platform in the giant stadium and received an Olympic gold medal. Eighteen months earlier she wasn’t thinking about running. She was hoping that she would be able to walk again. Just four years earlier, in the summer of 1988, as Devers was training for the Olympic Games, to be held in Seoul, South Korea, she began to feel very tired all the time and failed to make the finals.

  26. Now it’s your turn! • Your teacher will distribute an Informational Text Structures practice sheet to you. • Read each of the passages, highlight signal words/phrases, and determine the text structure for each one. • Be prepared to discuss as a class.

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