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Understanding Diffusion: How Molecules Move

Explore how diffusion works as molecules move across membranes in cells. Learn about facilitated diffusion using proteins and channels to transport molecules. Dive into examples of diffusion and understand its importance for cell function.

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Understanding Diffusion: How Molecules Move

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  1. WAYS MOLECULES MOVEChapter 7-3 http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html

  2. See a video clip about DIFFUSION-7A

  3. Diffusion http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png

  4. Animatioin from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gif Molecules move _______“where there’s _______” ____“where there’s _______”

  5. DIFFUSION across a space Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another = ________________________

  6. DIFFUSION across a SPACE Molecules move automatically _______ the concentration gradient _______ an area of _______ concentration ____ an area of ________ concentration • EXAMPLES Blue dye in beaker demo, Someone making popcorn/grilling out Strong perfume, Bad smell in room http://leighhouse.typepad.com/blog/images/kool_aid.jpg http://www.swapmeetdave.com/Humor/Farts.htm

  7. DIFFUSION across a space Diffusion continues until the concentration is ________________ in space = ________________________ http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png

  8. Molecules need to move across membranes in cells Image modiified from: http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/importProt.html

  9. Diffusion can happen ________ a _____________ in a cell, too …as long as membrane will let the molecule _________________

  10. CELL EXAMPLE: DIFFUSION automatically moves oxygen from HIGHER concentration (in lungs) to a LOWER concentration (in blood) CO2 automatically movesfrom where there is a HIGHER concentration (in blood) to where there is a lower concentration (in lungs) http://www.le.ac.uk/pa/teach/va/anatomy/case2/2_2.html

  11. PROBLEM for CELLS? Diffusion only moves molecules from high concentration to low concentration.

  12. What if cell needs to move a molecule _________ the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT?_______________ Cell example: Want to put MORE glucose into mitochondria when there is already glucose in there Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg

  13. Video from: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/08SWF-MembraneStructureAndFunct/08-02-MembraneStructure.swf PROBLEM for Cells?Cell membranes areSELECTIVELY PERMEABLE See a movie

  14. What if a cell needs to move _____ or ______ moleculesthat can’t getthrough themembrane? http://www.d.umn.edu/~sdowning/Membranes/membraneImages/jpegimages/diffusionmedium.jpg

  15. PROBLEM for CELLS? Diffusion happens very slowly

  16. What if cell needs to move molecules really _______? (can’t wait for it to diffuse) Cell example: Movement of Na + & K+ ions required to send nerve signals http://www.steve.gb.com/images/science/neuron.png

  17. Cells need a ____ to ____ molecules across cell membranes that _______ across by ___________

  18. See a video about Passive transport 7-C

  19. Kidspiration by: Riedell

  20. Kinds of ________ Transport PASSIVE __________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

  21. DIFFUSION across a membrane Happens anytime there is a __________ in _____________ on one side of the membrane compared to the other See diffusionanimation http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/eustruct/passiveanim.html

  22. http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol22000/10Biomembranes/images/membrane.gifhttp://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol22000/10Biomembranes/images/membrane.gif DIFFUSION • No energy required = _______ • Moves _______ concentration gradient from ___________________ • Works for any molecules that can pass through the membrane • Example of molecules that move this way in cells: ________ & ____________

  23. FACILITATED DIFFUSIONuses _________________ to help molecules across2 kinds of proteins help: _________ & ____________ Animations from: http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif http://www2.uic.edu/~myilma1/ionchannel.gif

  24. Facilitated Diffusion with CARRIER PROTEINS Animation from: http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif Carrier protein grabs molecule, changes shape, and flips across to other side like a revolving door http://www.gobananas.co.uk/edinburgh-stag-party/enquiry/index.htm

  25. FACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELS Membrane proteins create a tunnel through which molecules can pass http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/voltgate.htm _______________ allow________ ionsto get past the ____________ center

  26. FACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELS ________ proteins allow ________ _________ molecules to get past the __________ middle of cell membrane. http://www.spps.kvl.dk/news/0507/Lund4.jpg

  27. FACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELS The movement of water molecules across a cell membrane is called ______________ http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/eustruct/channelanim.html

  28. ALL KINDS OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION • No energy required = _____________ • Moves ________ concentration gradient from ________________________ • ___________________ help molecules get across membrane

  29. EXAMPLES OF FACILITATED DIFFUSION IN CELLS • CARRIER PROTEINS ________________ • ION CHANNELS ___________________________ • AQUAPORINS (OSMOSIS) ________________

  30. Kinds of ________Transport ACTIVE ________________________________________ __________________________________ ________________________________ ___________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________

  31. Kidspiration by: Riedell

  32. See a video clip about Na+-K+ pump -7D

  33. Na+and K + PUMP Animation from: http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm See a movieabout Na+ - K+ pump

  34. SODIUM-POTASSIUM PUMP • ___________ transport (requires energy from ______) • Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______ • Special just for Na+and K +ions • Uses _______________________ called ____________ to move molecules • Example: nerve cellsNa+is pumped out of cells at same time K +is taken into cells

  35. PROTON PUMP Moves Protons across membrane = ___ ions See a movie proton pump More on this in Chap 8 & 9

  36. PROTON PUMP • ___________ transport (requires energy from ______) • Can move molecules from _____ concentrationto ________ • Special just for H+ions • Uses integral ________________ to move molecules Examples: • Lysosomes need acidic conditions for digestion • Photosynthesis/Respiration (more on this to come in Ch 8 & 9)

  37. ACTIVE TRANSPORT with VESICLES ___________ are small membrane sacs that pinch off of cell membranes used by cells for transporting molecules Used for transporting molecules: If entering the cell = ______________ If exiting the cell = _______________ http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/exocy.htm

  38. See a video clip about Endo/exocytosis -7E

  39. 2 KINDS of ENDOCYTOSISfor taking substances into cell If taking in: fluid or small molecules =_________________ large particles or whole cells =______________ Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/endocytb.htm

  40. ENDOCYTOSISSubstances taken into cell • __________ transport (requires________) • Uses ______________ to carry substances • Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______ Examples in cells: • one celled organisms eat this way • white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way

  41. ENDOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html Protist eating another http://www.accs.net/users/kriel/chapter%20nine/

  42. PHAGOCYTOSIS ___________ destroying _______

  43. WHITE BLOOD CELL ENGULFING BACTERIA(Phagocytosis) http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255ion/fig14x28.jpg

  44. EXOCYTOSISSubstances released outside of cell • __________ transport (requires________) • Uses ______________ to carry substances • Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______ • Examples in cells: • _________ release packaged proteins this way

  45. Video: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/07SWF-TourOfTheCell/07-16-EndomembraneSystem.swf GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html See a Golgi movie

  46. Videos from: http://www.pleasanton.k12.ca.us/avhsweb/thiel/apbio/notes/chp8/exocytosis_endocytosis.mov http://trc.ucdavis.edu/biosci10v/bis10v/week2/endocytosis.mov Endocytosis & Exocytosis Watch a video clip about endo/exocytosis Watch a video clip about endo/exocytosis video Choose Screen/Switch programs to view

  47. INSULIN being released by pancreas cells using exocytosis http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255ion/fig14x26.jpg

  48. VOCAB _____________ = substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution _____________ = substance in which a solute is dissolved http://www.makash.ac.il/h_school/hst/hstsb/chem/luach/dissolve.jpg

  49. Images by Riedell __________________ = mass of a solute in a given volume of solution The _______ molecules there are in a given volume the ____________the concentration

  50. Use new vocab to make Koolaid Solutes = ______________& __________ Solvent = ____________ Koolaid drink = ______________ http://www.makash.ac.il/h_school/hst/hstsb/chem/luach/dissolve.jpg

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