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Understanding Molecular Movement and Transport in Cells

Explore the dynamic processes of diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport in cellular environments. Learn how molecules move across membranes and the mechanisms involved in maintaining equilibrium. Discover the importance of transport proteins and vesicles in cellular function.

timothyjjohnson
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Understanding Molecular Movement and Transport in Cells

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  1. WAYS MOLECULES MOVEChapter 7-3 http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_main.html

  2. Animatioin from: http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/diffusion-animated.gif Molecules move _______“where there’s _______” ____“where there’s _______” FROM A LOT to NOT

  3. DIFFUSION across a space DIFFERENCE Happens anytime there is a __________ in concentration in one place compared to another = ________________________ Concentration gradient

  4. DIFFUSION across a SPACE DOWN from Higher to Molecules move automatically _______ the concentration gradient _______ an area of _______ concentration ____ an area of ________ concentration • EXAMPLES Lower Blue dye in beaker demo, Someone making popcorn/grilling Strong perfume http://leighhouse.typepad.com/blog/images/kool_aid.jpg

  5. DIFFUSION across a space equal everywhere Diffusion continues until the concentration is ________________ in space = ________________________ Equilibrium http://lhs.lps.org/staff/sputnam/Biology/U3Cell/diffusion_1.png

  6. across Diffusion can happen ________ a _____________ in a cell, too membrane …as long as membrane will let the molecule _________________ pass through

  7. CELL EXAMPLE: DIFFUSION automatically moves oxygen from HIGHER concentration (in lungs) to a LOWER concentration (in blood) CO2 automatically movesfrom where there is a HIGHER concentration (in blood) to where there is a lower concentration (in lungs) http://www.le.ac.uk/pa/teach/va/anatomy/case2/2_2.html

  8. PROBLEM for CELLS? Diffusion only moves molecules from high concentration to low concentration.

  9. What if cell needs to move a molecule _________ the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT?_______________ AGAINST Cell example: Want to put MORE glucose into mitochondria when there is already glucose in there (LOWER HIGHER) Image from: http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg

  10. PROBLEM for CELLS? Diffusion happens very slowly Example: If we relied only on diffusion, it would take 200 DAYS for oxygen to move from the lungs to the brain.

  11. Cells need a ____ to ____ molecules across cell membranes that _______ across by ___________ WAY HELP can’t go themselves

  12. Kidspiration by: Riedell

  13. Kinds of ________ Transport PASSIVE __________________________________ ___________________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ • Diffusion • Facilitated Diffusion • Carriers • Channels

  14. http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol22000/10Biomembranes/images/membrane.gifhttp://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/Biol22000/10Biomembranes/images/membrane.gif DIFFUSION PASSIVE • No energy required = _______ • Moves _______ concentration gradient from ___________________ • Works for any molecules that can pass through the membrane • Example of molecules that move this way in cells: ________ & ____________ DOWN HIGHER to LOWER OXYGEN Carbon dioxide

  15. FACILITATED DIFFUSIONuses _______________ to help molecules across2 kinds of proteins help: _________ & ____________ membrane proteins Carriers Channels Animations from: http://bio.winona.edu/berg/ANIMTNS/facdifan.gif http://www2.uic.edu/~myilma1/ionchannel.gif

  16. FACILITATED DIFFUSION with CHANNELS The movement of water molecules across a cell membrane is called ______________ OSMOSIS http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/eustruct/channelanim.html

  17. Kinds of ________Transport ACTIVE ________________________________________ __________________________________ ________________________________ ___________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ • PUMPS • Sodium-Potassium • Proton • Vesicles • Endocytosis • Exocytosis

  18. ACTIVE TRANSPORT with VESICLES VESICLES ___________ are small membrane sacs that pinch off of cell membranes used by cells for transporting molecules Used for transporting molecules: If entering the cell = ______________ If exiting the cell = _______________ ENDOCYTOSIS EXOCYTOSIS http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/exocy.htm

  19. ENDOCYTOSISSubstances taken into cell ACTIVE energy • __________ transport (requires________) • Uses ______________ to carry substances • Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______ Examples in cells: • one celled organisms eat this way • white blood cells get rid of bacteria this way VESICLES low high

  20. Types of Endocytosis • Pinocytosis- small particles are brought into the cell • Aka- cell drinking • Phagocytosis- is the process by which a cell engulfs a solid particle

  21. PHAGOCYTOSIS germs White blood cell ___________ destroying _______

  22. WHITE BLOOD CELL ENGULFING BACTERIA(Phagocytosis) http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/255/255ion/fig14x28.jpg

  23. EXOCYTOSISSubstances released outside of cell ACTIVE energy • __________ transport (requires________) • Uses ______________ to carry substances • Can move molecules from _____ concentration to ______ • Examples in cells: • _________ release packaged proteins this way VESICLES low high GOLGI

  24. Video: http://www.southtexascollege.edu/tdehne/BC_ShockwaveAnimations/07SWF-TourOfTheCell/07-16-EndomembraneSystem.swf GOLGI BODIES USE EXOCYTOSIS Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html See a Golgi movie

  25. What if there is a difference in concentration but solute molecules can’t move across a membrane? WATER will move until concentration reaches equilibrium

  26. Animation: http://www.ouhscphysio.org/humanphys/animations/osmosis1.swf Animation http://faculty.etsu.edu/currie/images/osmosis1.jpg

  27. Solute concentration Greater outside than inside Lower outside than inside Equal outside and inside HYPERTONIC HYPOTONIC ISOTONIC What will happen to an animal cell placed in different solutions?

  28. Remember: Cells try to “maintain stable internal conditions = ____________________ HOMEOSTASIS http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/biol121/Osmosis/Osmosis.asp So an animal cell in ISOTONIC conditions stays same size Water entering = water leaving Video

  29. http://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/bloodcells.gifhttp://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/bloodcells.gif Animal cells Video Video _________ __________ = CYTOLYSIS = CRENATION

  30. http://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/aplantturgor.gifhttp://www.stchs.org/science/courses/sbioa/metenergy/aplantturgor.gif Plant cells _____ keeps ___________ plant cells from bursting = PLASMOLYSIS CELL WALL

  31. SO WHAT? Bath water is ________________ compared to you Sitting in the bathtub causes your fingers and toes to wrinkle up when water ________ your skin cells by osmosis hypotonic enters

  32. Grocery stores spray water on their veggies to “plump them up” http://www.painetworks.com/photos/gt/gt0461.JPG

  33. SO WHAT?

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