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Understanding Biological Classification: A Comprehensive Guide

Explore the world of biological classification in this detailed guide. Learn about taxonomy, Linnaean system, modern classification, hierarchical categories, phylogeny, and more. Understand how organisms are grouped and named, and discover the importance of distinguishing features in classification.

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Understanding Biological Classification: A Comprehensive Guide

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  1. CLASSIFICATION NOTES Hang on…lots of chapters in just a little bit of time~

  2. Classification- grouping of objects based on similarities • Taxonomy- branch of biology that groups and names organisms • Taxonomists- biologists who study taxonomy

  3. Aristotle (384-322 BC) • 1st to classify things into 2 groups: plants and animals • Subdivided plants into herbs, shrubs, trees • Subdivided animals into land, air, water • Problems with groups some do not fit into only 1 group

  4. Carolus Linnaeus (Swedish Botanist, 18th Century) • System was based on physical and structural similarities • Developed the two-word naming system called binomial nomenclature

  5. Homo sapien • Genus species (1st name capitalized; 2nd name is in lower) together these two names make up the scientific name of an organism • Underline if handwritten and italicize in print • Latin is the language of classification

  6. Modern Biological Classification • Now compares natural relationship of organisms, external & internal structures, geographic distribution & chemical make-up

  7. Taxon (pl. taxa) is a group of organisms • Taxa of Biological Classification (Hierarchical Categories) • Kingdom • Phylum • Class less • Order alike • more Family • alike Genus • Species

  8. Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a species • Phylogenic Tree is a visual model of inferred evolutionary relationship among organisms

  9. Cladistics is a system that assumes species retain traits • Cladogram is a model of derived traits

  10. Dichotomous Key is a written set of choices that leads to the identification or name of the organism

  11. Using Dichotomous Keys

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