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Alpha / beta model for network traffic. 5. 5. x 10. x 10. 3. 3. 2.5. 2.5. 2. 2. =. +. number of bytes. 1.5. 1.5. 1. 1. 0.5. 0.5. 0. 0. 0. 2000. 4000. 6000. 0. 2000. 4000. 6000. time (1 unit=500ms). time (1 unit=500ms). Alpha traffic = all alpha connections.
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Alpha/beta model for network traffic 5 5 x 10 x 10 3 3 2.5 2.5 2 2 = + number of bytes 1.5 1.5 1 1 0.5 0.5 0 0 0 2000 4000 6000 0 2000 4000 6000 time (1 unit=500ms) time (1 unit=500ms) Alpha traffic = all alpha connections Beta traffic = residual Overall traffic • Motivation: • Connection-level analysis of available traces • Typically one dominant connection during burst • Classify dominant connections as alpha • Classify remaining connections as beta • Suggests a connection-level separation of traffic
Properties of alpha and beta connections • Alpha traffic (dominant connections) • Few connections. Responsible for spikes • Origin: Large file transfer over short RTT paths • Modeled by independent stable Levy noise • Beta traffic (residual): • Main load. Responsible for LRD • Origin: Crowd with limited bandwidth • Modeled by fractional Gaussian noise
Implications of Alpha/Beta • Simulation: Need for realistic topology • Heterogeneity in RTT • Heterogeneity in link-bandwidths • Network control • Active Queue Management (AQM) should target alpha connections • Queuing analysis and network design Should consider both components • LRD Gaussian beta component • Independent spiky alpha component