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Introduction to English Linguistics

Introduction to English Linguistics. 英語語言學概論 BBI050 Thu. 10:25-12:30 (M208) Week 17. Review. Phonetics and Phonology. Are you clear about. Place and manner of articulation of consonants and Vowels? Natural classes? Phoneme and allophones? Minimal pair and complementary distribution?

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Introduction to English Linguistics

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  1. Introduction to English Linguistics 英語語言學概論 BBI050 Thu. 10:25-12:30 (M208) Week 17

  2. Review Phonetics and Phonology

  3. Are you clear about .. • Place and manner of articulation of consonants and Vowels? • Natural classes? • Phoneme and allophones? • Minimal pair and complementary distribution? • Phonological rules?

  4. Place of Articulation(where?)  Consonants are classified according to where in the vocal tract the airflow restrictions occur.(p.227-228) • Bilabials [p] [b] [m] • Labiodentals [f] [v] • Interdentals [θ] [ð] • Alveolars [t] [d] [n] [s] [z] [l] [r] • Palatals [ʃ] [ʒ] [tʃ] [dʒ] [ j ] • Velars [k] [g] [ŋ] • Uvulars [ʀ] [q] [ɢ] • Glottals [h] [ʔ] Sound of American English

  5. Manner of Articulation(How?) Stops [p] [b] [m] [t] [d] [n] [k] [g] [ŋ] [ʔ] Fricatives [f] [v] [θ] [ð] [s] [z] [ ʃ ] [ʒ] [h][x] [ɣ] Affricates [tʃ ] [dʒ] Liquids [ l ] [r] ([ɹ]) Glides [ j ] [w] (Approximants[ j ] [w] [ l ] [r]) Trills & flaps[ɾ] (alveolar flap), [ʀ] (uvular trill) [r] (alveolar trill) Clicks [ʘ](bilabial) [ǀ](dental) [ǃ](alveolar) Xhosasong Zulu(p.232-236)

  6. The vowels (monophthongs) of English (p.239)

  7. Consonants- 3 parts description [d]- voiced alveolar stop [r] - [h] - [j] - [ʔ] -

  8. Major natural classes of English(p.241) p t d k g ð s z ʒ ʃ tʃ dʒ

  9. Natural classes Voiced sibilants? Bilabial obstruents? Palatal sonorants?

  10. Phonological analysis exercise

  11. Distribution of phonemes （p.262)(Minimal Pairs analysis) • How many vowel phonemes does English have? • 11 monophthong vowels + 3 diphthong vowels

  12. Distribution of Allophones （p.261,264)(Complementary distribution) Predicable Where are English vowels nasalized?  The sounds that do not contrast meaning never occur in the same phonetic environment – particular allophones are determinedbywhere they occur.

  13. Summary • Phonemes /i/ • Contrastive distribution non-predictable • [i ̃̃ ] [ i ] before nasal consonants Elsewhere • Allophones • Complementally distribution (It often indicates that two superficially different speech sounds are in fact the same phoneme)  predictable from the phonetic environment • No minimal Pairs Minimal Pairs

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