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Understanding Communications, Networks, and the Internet

Learn about the basic components of a communications system, the use of network computers in schools, and how the Internet works. Discover the World Wide Web, Web browsers, and how to use search tools to find information. Explore multimedia products, Internet services, and the educational implications of the Internet. Find out different ways to connect to the Internet and the World Wide Web.

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Understanding Communications, Networks, and the Internet

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  1. Chapter 2 Communications, Networks, the Internet, and the World Wide Web

  2. CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES • Define communications • Identify the basic components of a communications system • Describe how and why network computers are used in schools and school districts • Explain how the Internet works

  3. CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES • Describe the World Wide Web portion of the Internet • Explain how Web documents are linked to one another • Explain the use of Web browser software • Explain how to use a Web search tool to find information

  4. CHAPTER 2 OBJECTIVES • Identify several types of multimedia products available on the Web • Explain how Internet services such as e-mail, newsgroups, chat rooms, and instant messaging work • Describe the educational implications of the Internet and the World Wide Web • Describe different ways to connect to the Internet and the World Wide Web

  5. WHAT IS COMMUNICATIONS? • A process in which two or more computers or devices transfer data, instructions, and information • Sometimes called telecommunications

  6. WHAT IS COMMUNICATIONS? • Electronic mail (e-mail) • Voice mail • Fax (facsimile) • Telecommuting • Online services • Videoconferencing • Internet • World Wide Web

  7. COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS • Basic communications system • Two computers, one to send and one to receive data • Communications devices that send and receive data • A communications channel over which data is sent

  8. A COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM

  9. COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS • Communications channel • Transmissions media • Twisted-pair cable

  10. COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS • Digital vs. analog signals • Modem • External modem • Internal modem • Network interface cards

  11. COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS • Local Area Networks (LAN) • Covers limited geographical area • Server manages resources • Wide Area Networks (WAN) • Covers large geographical area • Can consist of several LANs

  12. COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS • Home Networks • Connects multiple computers in your home • Share Internet access and resources

  13. NETWORKING THE CLASSROOM, SCHOOL, AND DISTRICT • School network server • Example classroom • Three Macintosh computers • Printer

  14. NETWORKING THE CLASSROOM, SCHOOL, AND DISTRICT • Example school network • Classrooms • Administration • Computer lab • Example school district • Central office • Various schools

  15. SCHOOL’S LOCAL AREA NETWORK

  16. DISTRICT’S WIDE AREA NETWORK

  17. WIRELESS SCHOOLS AND CLASSROOMS • Keep in touch with family and friends from anywhere • Smart pagers • Cellular telephones • Handheld computers • Notebook computers • Wireless technology brings the computer lab to students

  18. HIGH SPEED OR BROADBAND ACCESS • Government works to provide high speed Internet access to classrooms • Broadband technology transmits signals at much faster speeds

  19. THE BENEFITS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS IN EDUCATION • Sharing of computer hardware, software, and data resources • Unlimited educational resources • Communicate with other educators and students

  20. WHAT IS THE INTERNET? • Worldwide group of connected networks that allow public access to information and services • No single organization owns or controls • Estimated 500 million users • Variety of uses

  21. The world’s largest network is the Internet, which is a worldwide collection of networks that link together millions of businesses, governments, educational institutions, and individuals.

  22. HISTORY OF THE INTERNET • Started as a network of four computers at in both California and Utah in 1969 • Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) - ARPANET • More than 35 million computers today • Backbone first provided by National Science Foundation (NSF) - NSFnet

  23. HISTORY OF THE INTERNET

  24. HISTORY OF THE INTERNET • Backbone now provided by variety of corporations • Various organizations help define standards • Internet2 (I2) • Extremely high-speed network • Develop and test latest Internet technologies • Members include over 190 universities in the United States, along with 60 companies and the United States government

  25. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • Data is divided into packets • Routers send packets across the Internet • Packet switching • Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol (TCP/IP) is the communications protocol used by the Internet

  26. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • Internet Service Providers versus Online Service Providers • Have permanent connections to the Internet • Provide temporary connections to individuals and companies for a fee • Local and national ISPs • Online service providers offer members only areas

  27. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • Connecting to the Internet • Business or school network connected to the Internet • Dial-up access • ISDN • Cable TV (CATV) • Digital subscriber line (DSL)

  28. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • The Internet Backbone • Acts as a highway • Local ISPs connect through leased lines to national ISPs

  29. HOW THE INTERNET WORKS • Internet Addresses • Numeric addresses • Domain name • Domain type abbreviations • Country code abbreviations

  30. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) • Started in the early 1990s • Hyperlinks • Uniform Resource Locator (URL) • Hypertext transfer protocol

  31. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW)

  32. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) • How a Web Page Works • Hypertext • Hyperlinks • Target • Relative • Absolute

  33. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) • Discovery learning • Web Surfing • Webmaster • Hypertext markup language (HTML) • Web publishing

  34. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) • Web Browser Software • Interprets HTML and displays Web pages and enables you to link to other Web pages and Web sites

  35. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) • Web Browser Software • Mosaic • Netscape Navigator • Microsoft Internet Explorer

  36. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) • Searching for Information on the Web • Directory maintained by a search engine company • Helps find information on the Web • Search engine • Subject directory

  37. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) • Multimedia on the Web • Web pages incorporate graphics, animation, audio, video, and virtual reality • Plug-ins

  38. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) • Multimedia on the Web • Graphics • Used to enhance text-based Internet

  39. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) • Multimedia on the Web • Graphics • Graphics formats

  40. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) • Multimedia on the Web • Graphics • Thumbnails

  41. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) • Multimedia on the Web • Animation • Marquees • Animated GIFs

  42. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) • Multimedia on the Web • Audio • MP3 format • MP3 player • Streaming audio • RealAudio

  43. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) • Multimedia on the Web • Video • Streaming video • RealVideo

  44. THE WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) • Multimedia on the Web • Virtual Reality • Simulation of real or imagined environment that appears as a three-dimensional (3-D) space • VR worlds

  45. This instructional Web site uses VR to teach biology students about cells and body tissues.

  46. OTHER INTERNET SERVICES • E-mail • Primary communication method for both personal and business use • E-mail programs • Mailbox • Mail server • E-mail address • User name

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