Unit4 Astronomy; the science of the stars

1. Unit4 Astronomy; the science of the stars

2. Words preview religion theory atom billion globe violent carbon n. 宗教；宗教信仰 n. 学说；理论 n. 原子 n. （英)万亿；(美）十亿 n. 球体；地球仪；地球 adj. 猛烈的；强暴的 n. 碳

3. Words preview atmosphere unlike fundamental harmful acid chain multiply n. 大气层；气氛 prep. 不同；不像 adj. 基本的；基础的 adj. 有害的 adj. 酸 n. 链子；连锁；锁链 vi.&vt. 乘；增加

4. Words preview oxygen exist thus dioxide carbon dioxide puzzle n. 氧 vi. 存在；生存 adv. 因此；于是 n. 二氧化物 二氧化碳 n. 谜；难题 vi.&vt. （使）迷惑或为难

5. Words preview biology biologist gravity satellite gentle physicist climate crash n. 生物学 n. 生物学家 n. 万有引力；重力 n. 卫星；人造卫星 adj. 温和的；文雅的 n. 物理学家 n. 气候 vi.&vt. 碰撞；坠落

6. Expressions preview in time lay eggs give birth to in one’s turn prevent…from block out 及时；终于 下蛋 产生；分娩 轮到某人；接着 阻止；制止 挡住(光线）

7. Pre-reading The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers. What do you know about it? There are differentlegends of how the universe and life began in different cultures:

8. Pangu separated the sky from the earth:

9. The Goddess Nuwa mended the heaven and created human beings:

10. In western culture: God created the world in seven days:

11. The Biblical Account "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. The earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the spirit of God was hovering over the waters. And God said..."

12. Day 1: God spoke and separated light from darkness. creating Day and Night. Day 2: God spoke and separated the water creating sky and ocean. Day 3: God spoke and created dry land.

13. Day 4: God spoke and created the sun, moon and stars. Day 5: God spoke and created living in the air and sea. Day 6: God spoke and created the land animals and man. Day 7: God rested and blessed this day calling it Holy.

14. Scientific ideas about how the universe and life began: 1. The universe began from the Big Bang.

15. 2. Life first began in the sea on the earth.

16. 3. Life was brought to the earth by ET from outer space.

17. 4. Life came from a comet which hit the earth.

18. Reading HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH Read the text carefully to find out more about how life began on the earth

19. Stage 1: The development of the earth (1) After the Big Bang, what happened? a cloud of dust a violent solid ball

20. (2) What happened next? exploded with fire and rock produced water vapour and gases

21. (3) What water vapour and gases made? the earth’s atmosphere

22. (4) What appeared on the earth then? Water appeared – important for the beginning of life on the earth

23. (5) What water made? Oceans and seas

24. Stage 2: The development of life in water (1) What life developed after water appeared? arrival of small plants in water early shellfish

25. (2) What life developed in water next? all sorts of fish

26. (3) What life developed after the life in water? green plants on land insects on land

27. Stage 3: The development of life on land (1) What life developed next on land? amphibians on land and water forests

28. (2) What life developed after forests appeared? reptiles on land dinosaurs on land

29. (3) What life developed after dinosaurs? mammals on land

30. (4) What life developed after mammals? small clever animals

31. (5) What life developed after small clever animal? humans came into being

32. Read the passage carefully and analyse its structure. Write down the main idea for each paragraph. Paragraph 1: Paragraph 2: Paragraph 3: Paragraph 4: Paragraph 5:

33. Paragraph 1: A widely accepted theory about the information of the universe. Paragraph 2: The formation of the earth. Paragraph 3: The importance of water for life. Paragraph 4: The development of plants and animals on the earth. Paragraph 5: The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.

34. How the earth came into being? 1. Big Bang (a huge explosion around 15 billion years ago) 2. A cloud of energetic dust 4.Exploded with fire and rock 3. A ball moving around the sun 5. Produce the water vapour, carbon dioxide…

35. 7. Waterappeared 6. Cooled down 8.Harmful gases were dissolved

36. Put the order of development of life into a timeline. Use the reading passage to help you. 1 Insect and amphibians appeared. 2 Dinosaurs appeared. 3 The earth became a solid ball. 4 Small plants grew on the water. 5 Reptile appeared. 6 Plants began to grow on dry land.

37. 7 The earth was a cloud of dust. 8 Water appeared on the earth. 9 Shellfish and other fish appeared. 10 The universe began with a “Big Bang”. 11 Clever animals with hands and feet appeared. 12 Mammals appeared. Answer : 10 7 3 8 4 9 6 1 5 2 12 11

38. The sequence of development of life on the earth is: water plants shellfish fish water landinsects land plants amphibians

39. forests reptiles dinosaurs humans cleveranimals mammals

40. Think about what you have read and discuss these questions in pairs. 1 Why was the earth different from the other planets? 2 Why did the plants grow before the animals came? 3 Why is it wrong to show films with dinosaurs and people together?

41. 4 There used to be nine planets in the solar system. Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet. Do you know the name of that planet? Do you know why they removed it? 5 What problem is caused by human beings?

42. 1 Why was the earth different from the other planets? 2 Why did the plants grow before the animals came? Because the water remained on the earth. Because the plants provide oxygen for animals to breathe.

43. 3 Why is it wrong to show films with dinosaurs and people together? 4 Do you know the name of that planet? Do you know why they removed it? Because dinosaurs died out long before human beings developed on the earth. The name is Pluto. Scientists now think it is too small to be called a planet.

44. 5 What problem is caused by human beings? Human beings caused global warming.

45. Read the passage again and underline all the dinosaur markers and sentence connectors. Discourse markers: Sentence connectors or conjunctions: however, after that, next, later, finally, thus, as a result of this and, but, because, or

46. Language Points 1 In our solar system eight planets circle around the sun. system: n. 系统,体系,制度,体制 a. What are the difference between the American and British systems of government?  英美两国的政府体制有什么不同？ b. Do you know how to log in to the system?  你知道怎么登录进入这个系统吗？

47. 2 However, according to a widely theory… theory:  n. 学说，理论. 词形变化:名词复数:theories a. Do you agree to the wave theory of light?  你同意光的波动理论吗？ b. Not everyone can understand Einstein's Theory of Relativity. 不是每个人都能读懂爱因斯坦的相对论。

48. 3 The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. violent: a. 暴力的,激烈的 词形变化:副词:violently a. She was in violent temper.  她暴跳如雷。 b . A tough, often aggressive or violent young man.  小阿飞，强壮，好斗或暴力的年轻人

49. 4.They were in time to produce carbon… in time:及时，终于 in time (for sth/ to do sth)= not late • The car came to a halt just in time to prevent an accident.  汽车及时停下，避免了一场车祸。 b. Can we get to the station in time?  我们能及时到达车站吗？

50. 5 They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen… a. multiply乘 A and / by B Four multiplied by seven is twenty-eight.  7乘4等于28 b multiply v. 增加We must multiply our efforts to clear up the mystery.  我们必须加倍努力来澄清这一神秘的事件。