Progressive Era continued

1. Progressive Era continued

2. Warm-up • What problems were the Progressives trying to address? (name 3)

3. Announcements

4. Question of the Day • Were the Progressives successful in protecting the workers of the time?

10. Vocabulary • Conservation- official supervision of rivers, forests, and other natural resources in order to preserve and protect them • National Parks-an area of scenic beauty or historical importance owned and maintained by the national government for the use of the people

11. Thoughts on the video • What does it mean that America’s National Parks are part of its democracy? • What makes these national parks so special?

12. History of the National Parks • The first National Park was Yellowstone national park in 1872. • The Federal government takes direct control of the land to prevent miners, poachers and others from destroying it. • National parks were still more an idea than a reality until President Theodore Roosevelt.

13. Roosevelt and National Parks • Roosevelt was fond of the outdoors which led to a strong commitment to conservation. • In 1901 (when Roosevelt took office) there were 45 million acres of national parks in 1908 when he left office there were 196 million acres. • In 1916 the National Park Service was founded to oversee these lands

14. National Parks today • There are over 400 National Parks today. • There are 11 National park sites in the state of Maryland • Over 277 million people visit national parks each year.

15. Warm-up • What were the main differences between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois?

16. Announcements • Quiz tomorrow • Debate • Test

17. Quiz Review • Reconstruction 13th, 14th, 15th, compromise of 1877, election of 1876 • Progressive Era: 16-19th • Muckrakers-Jacob Riis, Upton Sinclair, Populists, problems facing Americans of the time, Conservation • Format: timeline, text analysis, short answer about theme

18. Question of the Day • Were the Progressives successful in protecting the workers of the time?

19. Populism • Use the guided notes sheet and your textbook (call to freedom) to find out more about Populism • Populism Main Ideas-Support for Farmers • William Jennings Bryan- calls for the silver standard • Sound Money- keep the gold standard to prevent inflation

20. The Situation • Because politics is business. That’s what’s the matter with it. Make politics a sport, as they do in England, or a profession, as they do in Germany, and we’ll have—well, something else than we have now, if we want it, which is another question. But don’t try to reform politics with the banker, the lawyer, and the dry-goods merchant, for these are business men and there are two great hindrances to their achievement of reform: one is that they are different from, but no better than, the politicians; the other is that politics is not “their line.” There are exceptions both ways. Many politicians have gone out into business and done well (Tammany ex-mayors, and nearly all the old bosses of Philadelphia are prominent financiers in their cities), and business men have gone into politics and done well (Mark Hanna, for example). They haven’t reformed their adopted trades, however, though they have sometimes sharpened them most pointedly. The politician is a business man with a specialty. When a business man of some other line learns the business of politics, he is a politician, and there is not much reform left in him. Consider the United States Senate, and believe me. • -Lincoln Steffans from “The Shame of the Cities”

21. Politics • Politics was corrupt and run by political machines (a party organization, headed by a single boss or small autocratic group, that commands enough votes to maintain political and administrative control of a city, county, or state.) • People had lost much of their power in politics and the Progressives fought to get it back

22. The Progressive Presidents • Teddy Roosevelt the Trust Buster • Wm. Howard Taft and Dollar Diplomacy • Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedoms • The Election of 1912- the “high water mark” of Progressivism

23. Teddy Roosevelt

24. Known for…. -Coal Strike of 1902 (1902) -26th President, 1900-1908 (after McKinley was assassinated) -Founded Bull Moose Party, 1912 Coal strike of 1902- the miners of Pennsylvania refused to work because they had low wages, so Roosevelt stepped in to mediate the dispute

25. Progressive Problems and Solutions Bull Moose issues: -Women’s vote -Social welfare for women, children -Workers’ compensation -New Nationalism: Strong government to regulate industry Square Deal: Conservation, regulate monopolies, enforce anti-trust, Progressive ideals Railroad regulation, conservation & natl parks

26. Laws • 44 suits against monopolies (Trustbuster) • Pure Food and Drug Act, 1906 • Meat Inspection Act of 1906 • Label food and drugs, inspect livestock, sanitary conditions

27. Can T.R. fight the Trusts?

28. William Howard Taft

29. Known for… • Dollar Diplomacy: To use the military strength of the United States to protect private American investments abroad (guarantees loans) • 27th President of the United States • Law as a science to solve problems

30. Laws • 16th Amendment: income tax • 17th Amendment: direct election of senators

31. Woodrow Wilson

32. Known for… • New Freedoms: Restore competition and encourage small business, individualism • Only President with PhD • Women’s suffrage • White supremacy

33. Wilson Battles Banks • Wanted bank to end its monopoly and to be able to put more currency in market when necessary • Wanted decentralized bank in government hands • 1913 Federal Reserve Act • Created Federal Reserve Board—oversees regional reserve districts and banks • Each bank empowered to issue paper money if necessary • Most important piece of economic legislation between Civil War and New Deal

34. Laws • Clayton Anti-Trust Act, 1914 • 18th Amendment: prohibition • 19th Amendment: women’s suffrage (the right to vote)

35. The Temperance Movement • This was a fight against alcohol, because many people believed that it was to blame for society’s problems. • The Temperance Movement claimed that alcohol abuse disrupted the family and led to crime and poverty.

36. Temperance Movement, 2 • This movement spread and people began to fight the serving of liquor in saloons (bars). • Women led this movement and felt most passionately about it. • This led to the passage of the 18th Amendment in 1919 which outlawed the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the US. (this was eventually repealed).

37. Social Darwinism • Some people still believed in the “survival of the fittest” • They thought that workers/city dwellers who were strongest would be able to continue living through hardship; those who could not handle it, would not.

38. Gospel of Wealth • This was supported by Andrew Carnegie, a very rich, big-businessman. • He believed in competition, and the accumulation of wealth and private property • Even though wealth and competition might be unequal or unjust, he still supported it as, “the best and most valuable of all that humanity has yet accomplished”. • Basically, people have to fend for themselves to become rich.

39. Textbook • Use your textbook to define the remaining terms on your chart. • Create a symbol for each vocabulary word on your chart.

40. Your Turn • Think of a meaningful place in your community and write 1-2 paragraphs on why it should be preserved as a National Park.

41. Reflections on the Progressive Era • Were Progressives successful in ending social, political and economic problems of the time? Why or Why not? Include information you have learned to support your answer in a well-formed paragraph.