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Fluid machines

Fluid machines. Introduction . Energy equation . Where h p = head gain from the pump h = head loss in the pipe from friction & separation losses. Centrifugal pump. Characteristics curves. Characteristic curves Head vs discharge Efficiency vs discharge

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Fluid machines

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  1. Fluid machines UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  2. Introduction UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  3. UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  4. Energy equation • Where hp = head gain from the pump h = head loss in the pipe from friction & separation losses UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  5. Centrifugal pump UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  6. Characteristics curves • Characteristic curves • Head vs discharge • Efficiency vs discharge • Show the characteristic of a particular pump UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  7. Theoretically H vs Q gives a straight line. • Actual H is less than theoretical – head loss in pump. UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  8. Complete set of characteristic curves: • H vs Q • η vs Q • P vs Q • H, actual head: theoretical head minus loss in pump. UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  9. UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  10. Pumping between reservoirs hd hs UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  11. s – suction side • d – delivery side • Pump increases the head in pipe by zb – za. • Breaking down the head into suction head hs & delivery head hd, UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  12. Writing energy equation between reservoirs, • Simplifying & rearranging, • Subtituting, UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  13. Example 5.1 • It is required to pump water at a rate of 50 L/s from one reservoir to another reservoir which has an elevation 20 m higher. A centrifugal pump is located 7.5 m above the lower reservoir. The pipe connecting the reservoirs has a 150 mm diameter. The length from the lower reservoir to the pump is 100 m while the length from the pump to the higher reservoir is 200 m. Assuming the friction factor is 0.01 and separation losses are neglected, what is the head need by the pump? UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  14. Pumps in piping system UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  15. Pumps combined in parallel UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  16. Pumps combined in series UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  17. Example 5.2 • A centrifugal pump has the characteristics shown in table below. It is used to lift between two reservoirs with a difference of elevation of 5.0 m as shown in figure. The pipe connecting the reservoirs has a diameter of 150 mm and is 800 m long. The friction factor is assumed to be 0.01. The pipeline includes four standard elbows and three gate valves. The entrance and exit are sharp. • Plot the characteristic curves including the system curve. • Determine the rate of flow delivered by the pump. • What is the power required? UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  18. UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  19. Problem 5.1 • A pump is used to deliver water from a reservoir at an elevation 10 m to another at an elevation of 35 m. The water is delivered at rate of 50 L/s through a suction pipe 25 m long and 200 mm diameter. The delivery pipe is 150 m long and 150 mm diameter. If the friction factor f is assumed to be 0.005, determine the head produced by the pump. The pump is located at an elevation of 14.5 m. UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  20. Problem 5.5 • A centrifugal pump has the following characteristics as in table shown. It is used to lift water between two reservoirs with a difference of elevation of 5.0 m as shown in figure. The pipe connecting the reservoirs has a diameter of 150 mm and is 400 m long. The friction factor is assumed to be 0.01. • Plot the characteristic curves. • Determine the rate of flow delivered by the pump. • What is the power required by the pump? UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  21. UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

  22. Apr 2010 Q5(b) • Two pipes are connected in series and is used to connect two reservoirs as shown in figure. Both pipes are 500 m long and have diameters of 0.7 m and 0.5 m respectively. The discharge from reservoir A is 85 m. Using the appropriate equations and assuming sharp exit and entry as well as existence of sudden contraction at the junction, determine: • Velocity for each pipe. • Head losses due to friction, separation and fittings. • Elevation of water surface in reservoir B (CC = 0.674, μ = 1.14 x Ns/m2 and k = 0.15 mm) UiTMSarawak/ FCE/ BCBidaun/ ECW301

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