Repaso 2013

1. Repaso 2013

2. Definite and indefinite articles El, la, los, las – the Un / una – a / an Unos / unas – some

3. Posessive Adjectives • Mi / mis – my • Tu / tus – your (familiar) • Su / sus – your (formal) , his, her , their • Nuestro (a) nuestros (as) – our

4. Nouns • -o masculine • -a feminine • Exceptions: el día, el mapa, la mano, la radio • -sión, ción, dad, tad, tud, umbre are feminine • -ma are masculine • Days of the week, colors, languages, and cardinal points are masculine.

5. Practice The dress The mall A bedroom A gas station My scarf Their ball Our teacher An egg His name My country His dinner The pencil My e-mail address A slice The bill • The dog • Our house • Their towel • An apple • The key • My ticket • The price • A book • My shoe • Our school • Her laptop • a telephone card • My class • Your breakfast • Our food

6. Answer key el vestido el centrocomercial unarecámara, habitación, alcoba / un dormitorio, cuarto de dormir unagasolinera mi bufanda Su balón Nuestramaestra, profesora / nuestro maestro, profesor Un huevo Su nombre Mi país Su cena El lápiz Mi dirección de correoelectrónico Unatajada / rebanada La cuenta • El perro • Nuestra casa • Su toalla • Unamanzana • La llave • Mi boleto / mi billete • El precio • Un libro • Mi zapato • Nuestraescuela • Su portátil • Unatarjetatelefónica • Mi clase • Su / tudesayuno • Nuestra comida

7. Making nouns plural • Ending in a vowel, add s • Ending in consonant add –es • Ending in z, change z to c then add - es

8. Practice The dresses The malls five bedrooms Three gas stations My scarves Three eggs Our teachers Your vegetables their names Our countries their dinner The pencils My e-mail addresses 13 slices The bills • The dogs • Our houses • Their towels • some apples • The keys • My tickets • The prices • some books • My shoes • Our schools • Her laptops • some telephone cards • My classes • Your breakfast • Our food

9. Answer Key • Los perros • Nuestrascasas • Sustoallas • Unasmanzanas • Las llaves • Misboletos / misbilletes • Los precios • Unoslibros • Miszapatos • Nuestrasescuelas • Susportátiles • Unastarjetastelefónicas • Misclases • Tu / sudesayuno • Nuestra comida • Los vestidos • Los centroscomercials • Las alcobas, habitaciones, recámaras / los cuartos de dormir, dormitorios • Tresgasolineras • Misbufandas • Treshuevos • Nuestros maestros, profesores / nuestrasmaestras, profesoras • Tus / susvegetales • Susnombres • Nuestrospaíses • Su cena • Los pápices • Misdirecciones de correoelectrónico • Trecerebanadas, tajadas • Las cuentas

10. Noun and adjective agreement Descriptive adjectives – distinguish between different nouns of the same kind and are placed after the noun they describe. Red dress- vestidorojo Adjectives that express the inherent quality of a noun are placed before the noun Good book – buenlibro Best friend – mejor amigo White snow – la blancanieve • Nouns and adjectives must agree in gender and number

11. Demonstrative Adjectives • estelibro (this book)estoslibros (these books)estapluma (this pen)estasplumas (these pens) • eselibro (that book)esoslibros (those books)esapluma (that pen)esasplumas (those pens) • aquellibro (that book over there)aquelloslibros (those books over there)aquellapluma (that pen over there)aquellasplumas (those pens over there

12. Practice Cold juice Three scrambled eggs The easy homework The difficult essay Many good memories Delicious strawberries Fast internet Tired parents Small kitchen Funny friends Serious president Dirty hands Hot coffee Last year This new skirt Cheap cell phone Sick student • Their older brother • My youngest cousin • The clean towels • These hot drinks • Those white boots • The tall trees • Last month • A dirty bathroom • The handsome waiter • That beautiful maid • A small horse • The black birds • Sweet bread • Hardworking students • Lazy children • Hot water

13. Practice Cold juice Three scrambled eggs The easy homework The difficult essay Many good memories Delicious strawberries Fast internet Tired parents Small kitchen Funny friends Serious president Dirty hands Hot coffee Last year This new skirt Cheap cell phone Sick student • Their older brother • My youngest cousin • The clean towels • These hot drinks • Those white boots • The tall trees • Last month • A dirty bathroom • The handsome waiter • That beautiful maid • A small horse • The black birds • Sweet bread • Hardworking students • Lazy children • Hot water

14. To be SER ESTAR PLACE POSITION LOCATION ACTION CONDITION EMOTION NOTICE • NATIONALITY • ORIGIN • TIME – DAY AND DATE • IDENTITY • CHARACTERISTIC • EVENT

15. His best friend is from Ghana. The pencils are on your desk. We were at the beach for three hours today. It is 2:00 o’clock. • My parents are here. • Our teachers are very smart and hardworking. • We were in the attic. • I will be sick this week. • The party is at the pool. • The students are French. • My parents are happy with me. • It was midnight. • The international airport is in Columbus. • I am going to the library.

16. Tener – to have • posession • Hunger (hambre), thirst (sed), sleep (sueño) • Age • Tener + que + infinitive = something that one has to do • Tenerganas de + infinitive = to feel like doing something Tenerrazón – to be right Tenerprisa – to be in a hurry Tenercelos – to be jealous Tenercuidado – to be careful Tenersuerte – to be lucky Tenervergüenza – to be ashamed Tener la culpa – to be guilty Tenerderecho – to have the right Teneréxito – to be successful Tenermiedo a – to be afraid

17. Reflexive verbs and pronouns Reflexive verbs are those that express an action where the person who does the action also receives the action. • I will wash my hands. I will do the action of washing my hands And I will also receive the action. In Spanish when using reflexive verbs you must use the appropriate reflexive pronouns to demonstrate who is receiving the action. In Spanish, when using reflexive verbs with parts of the body, the definite articles (el, la, los, las) must be used. In Spanish, the reflexive pronouns must go in front of the verb when only one verb is used. Reflexive Pronouns me (myself) te (yourself familiar) se (himself, herself, Yourself formal) nos (ourselves) os (yourselves familiar) se (themselves, yourselves formal)

18. Direct and Indirect Object Pronouns D.O.P = Subject + verb+ whom / what? I.O.P = Subject + verb + to whom / for whom

19. Practice Answer key Ellosnosdieron un portátil gratis. Las mucamaslimpiarán el cuartoestatarde. Nuestros padres se lavaban los pies. Los niños se vistieron en diezminutos. Yoya me he duchadohoy. • They gave us a free laptop. • The maids will clean the room this afternoon. • Our parents were washing their feet. • The children got dressed in ten minutes. • I have already taken a shower today.

20. Spanish Subject pronouns • A subject pronoun is a pronoun that takes the place of a noun in as the subject of a sentence.

21. Present Progressive • A compound tense that Expresses an action that is happening as we speak. • It uses the present tense of Estar (am, is, are)and the Present Participle of the main verb (-ing)

22. Present Progressive Stem changing present participles Spelling change present participles caer: cayendocreer: creyendohuir: huyendoir: yendoinfluir: influyendooír: oyendotraer: trayendoleer: leyendoseguir: siguiendo • servir: sirviendopedir: pidiendodecir: diciendo • dormir: durmiendomorir: muriendopoder: pudiendo

23. Present tense Expresses actions that are done every day.

24. Present tense Stem changing verbs Stem changing e – ie Cerrar –to close Comenzar – to begin Despertar(se)- to wake up Divertirse –to have fun Empezar – to begin Sentir – to feel Mentir – to lie Nevar – to snow Pensar – to think Perder – to lose Preferir – to prefer Querer – to want / to desire Sentar (se) – to sit • Spanish stem changing verbs change in the boot form. • Meaning that the stem will change in all forms but the Nosotros(as) and Vosotros(as) forms.

25. Present tense Stem changing o – ue Stem changing e – i Repetir – to repeat conseguir- to get Reírse – to laugh Seguir – to follow Servir – to serve Vestirse – to get dressed • Almorzar – to have lunch • Contar – to count • Costar – to cost • Doler – to hurt • Dormir – to sleep • Encontrar – to find • Llover – to rain • Morder – to bite • Morir – to die • Mostrar – to show • Mover – to move (something) • Poder – to be able • Soñar – to dream • Volar – to fly

26. Present tense Stem changing u – ue Irregular first person Saber – to know (someone, fact, how to do something) Sé – I know Conocer – to be acquainted with someone or something Conozco – I know • Jugar –to play

27. Present tense -go –go verbs – Irregular first person • Salir – to leave / to go out ~ salgo • Poner – to put ~ pongo