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Skeletal System

Skeletal System. Briana Francis, Julia Stephenson, Julie Hanley. main functions. Support: provides structural support for the entire body. Individual bones or groups of bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs.

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Skeletal System

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  1. Skeletal System Briana Francis, Julia Stephenson, Julie Hanley

  2. main functions • Support: provides structural support for the entire body. Individual bones or groups of bones provide a framework for the attachment of soft tissues and organs

  3. 2. storage: the calcium salts of bone represent a valuable mineral reserve that maintains normal concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in body fluids. In addition, bones store energy reserves as lipids in areas filled with yellow marrow.

  4. 3. Blood cell production: red blood cells, white blood cells, and other blood elements are produced within the red marrow, which fills the internal cavities of many bones. The role of the bone marrow in blood cell formation will be discussed when we examine the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.

  5. 4. protection: soft tissues and organs are often surrounded by skeletal elements. The ribs protect the heart and lungs, the skull encloses the brain, the vertebrae shield the spinal cord, and the pelvis cradles delicate digestive and reproductive organs.

  6. 5. leverage: many bones function as levers that change the magnitude and direction of the forces generated by skeletal muscles. The resulting movements range from the delicate motion of a fingertip to powerful changes in the position of the entire body.

  7. Disease- Osteoporosis • Results in the loss of bone tissue • Cancellous bone loses calcium, becomes thinner and may disappear all together • No symptoms; main consequence is the increased risk of bone fractures • Fractures are the most dangerous aspect of osteoporosis

  8. Creates a framework that supports and protects organ systems in the brain and spinal cavities and ventral body cavities. The Axial Division

  9. The Skull • Protects brain and supports delicate sense organs involved with vision, hearing, balance, olfaction(smell), and gustation(taste). • 22 bones, 8 form cranium, 14 are associated with the face and 7 additional bones are associated with the skull.

  10. Bones of the Cranium • Frontal bone- forms forehead and roof of orbits. • Parietal bones- form roof and the superior walls of cranium. • Occipital bone- forms posterior and inferior portions. • Temporal bones- contact parietal bones and the squamous suture on each side. • Sphenoid bone- forms floor of cranium. • Ethmoid bone- forms part of cranium floor.

  11. Bones of the Face • Maxillary bones- forms floor, walls of nasal cavity and roof of mouth. • Palatine bones- forms the posterior surface of roof of mouth. • Vomer- forms part of the nasal septum. • Zygomatic bones- completes the lateral wall of orbit. • Nasal bones- forms bridge of nose. • Lacrimal bones- articulate with the frontal, ethmoid, and maxillary bones. • Inferior nasal conchae- helps slow airflow. • Mandible- lower jaw bone.

  12. Vertebral Column • Cervical region- consists of 7 cervical vertebrae. • Thoracic region- consists 12 thoracic vertebrae. • Lumbar region- contains 5 lumbar vertebrae.

  13. Thoracic Cage • Skeleton of chest consists of the thoracic vertebrae, the ribs, and the sternum. • Ribs- true, false, and floating • Sternum- breastbone

  14. Supports bones of the pectoral and pelvic girdles that connect the limbs to the trunk Appendicular division

  15. Pectoral Girdle • Clavicle- S shaped, lies just beneath the skin, small and fragile. • Scapula- bounded by the superior, medial, and lateral borders. Forms shoulder joint with the humerus.

  16. The Upper Limb • Humerus- establishes the lateral contour of the shoulder. • Radius- bones of the forearm- lies along lateral side of forearm. • unla- bones of the forearm- provides medial support of forearm.

  17. The Pelvic Girdle • Hipbone- provides an extensive area for the attachment of muscles, tendons, and ligaments. • Pelvis- consists of two hipbones, the sacrum, and the coccyx. Composite structure that includes portions of the appendicular and axial skeletons.

  18. Lower Limb • Femur – thighbone- longest and heaviest bone in the body. • Tibia- largest medial bone of leg, provides medial support for the ankle. • Fibula- provides additional surface area for muscle attachment.

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