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C H A P T E R

C H A P T E R. 6. C H A P T E R. Frequency Response and System Concepts. I. L. S. S. 1. +. +. V. V. 2. L. S. L. CD Player. Amplifier. Speakers. –. (Source). (Circuit). (Load). A physical system. A circuit model. Figure 6.1 A circuit model. I.

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C H A P T E R

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  1. C H A P T E R 6 C H A P T E R Frequency Response and System Concepts

  2. I L S S 1 + + V V 2 L S L CD Player Amplifier Speakers – (Source) (Circuit) (Load) A physical system A circuit model Figure 6.1 A circuit model I

  3. RC low-pass filter. The circuit preserves lower frequencies while attenuating the frequencies above the cutoff frequency, = 1/ RC . 0 The voltages V and V are the i o filter input and output voltages, respectively. R + + V C V i o _ _ Figure 6.9 A simple RC filter

  4. 1 0.8 0.6 Amplitude 0.4 0.2 0 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Radian frequency (logarithmic scale) Phase response of RC low-pass filter 0 _ 20 _ 40 Phase, degrees _ 60 _ 80 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Radian frequency (logarithmic scale) Figure 6.10 Magnitude and phase response plots for RC filter Magnitude response of RC low-pass filter

  5. Filter capacitor c R T + V R R _ noise 1 3 + a b + V V _ V V C T out a b _ C + _ V R R S 2 4 Wheatstone bridge equivalent circuit d _ V = V V out a b Figure 6.14 Wheatstone bridge with equivalent circuit and simple capacitive filter

  6. Noisy sinusoidal voltage 10 5 Volts 0 _ 5 _ 10 0 0.08 0.16 0.24 0.32 t (s) Filtered noisy sinusoidal voltage 10 5 Volts 0 _ 5 _ 10 0 0.08 0.16 0.24 0.32 t (s) Figure 6.15 Unfiltered and filtered bridge output

  7. RC high-pass filter. The circuit preserves higher frequencies while attenuating the frequencies below the cutoff frequency, = 1/ RC . 0 C + + V V R i o _ _ Figure 6.16 High-pass filter

  8. 1 80 0.8 60 0.6 Amplitude 40 0.4 20 0.2 0 0 – 2 – 1 0 1 2 3 4 – 2 – 1 0 1 2 3 4 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 Radian frequency (logarithmic scale) Radian frequency (logarithmic scale) Figure 6.17 Frequency response of a high-pass filter Phase, degrees

  9. RLC band-pass filter. The circuit preserves frequencies within a band. C L + + V V R i o _ _ Figure 6.19 RLC band-pass filter

  10. Band-pass filter amplitude response 1 0.8 0.6 Amplitude 0.4 0.2 0 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 Radian frequency (logarithmic scale) Band-pass filter phase response 50 Phase, degrees 0 _ 50 10 3 10 2 10 1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 Radian frequency (logarithmic scale) Figure 6.20 Frequency response of RLC band-pass filter

  11. R L 1 i ( t ) O + v ( t ) v ( t ) C R i 2 C – Z Z 1 L + V ( s ) V ( s ) Z I ( s ) Z i C C O 2 – Figure 6.32 A circuit and its Laplace transform domain equivalent

  12. 6 4 2 Imaginary part 0 – 2 – 4 – 6 – 10 – 5 0 5 Real part Figure 6.33 Zero-pole plot for the circuit of Figure 6.32

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