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Chapter V:

Chapter V:. Rome and the Rise of Christianity. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kRwJJwxGZE. Geography. The location of the city of Rome was especially favorable to early settlers Located 18 miles inland on the Tiber River, Rome had a way to the sea Far enough inland to be safe from pirates

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Chapter V:

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  1. Chapter V: Rome and the Rise of Christianity

  2. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2kRwJJwxGZE

  3. Geography • The location of the city of Rome was especially favorable to early settlers • Located 18 miles inland on the Tiber River, Rome had a way to the sea • Far enough inland to be safe from pirates • Built on seven hills=easily defended • Situated where the Tiber River could be easily crossed • Great central location to expand: Mediterranean empire

  4. Italian peninsula700 miles long100 miles wideOnly 100 miles from AfricaMediterranean Sea on three sidesAlps to north protect from overland invasion15,771 feet tall

  5. Apennines = volcanic mountains running length of ItalyFertile, volcanic soilLess rugged than GreeceFew good harborsLand easier than sea for travelMild, Mediterranean climate

  6. Origins • Etruscans (most influencial) • Launched a building program and turned Rome into a city • Latins (language) • Greeks • Rome = Settled about 750 BCEMythic origins

  7. Name for decedents of Aeneas (Trojan survivor as written by Virgil)Kings daughter gives birth to twin sons: Romulus and RemusKing's cruel brother seized the throneUncle was afraid boys would grow up and claim throneHad boys exposed on bank of Tiber river (common form of infanticide/birth control)Boys raised by she-wolfGrew up to defeat their great-uncle and restore grandfather to throneBoys fought about where to build a cityRomulus kills RemusRomulus found Rome

  8. Roman Republic • Early Rome was ruled by kings • 509 BC the Romans overthrew the last Etruscan king and created a republic (the leader is not a king and certain citizens have the right to vote) • Twelve Tables: Rome’s first law code • Patricians= wealthy landowners • Plebeians= less wealthy landholders, craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers • Roman Senate: a select group of about 300 patricians who served for life • Rome conquers the Mediterranean (Punic wars)

  9. Daily Life • Paterfamilias= head of the Roman family • Men v. Women • Men - controlled family (could kill or sell kids into slavery)Private schooling 6-11years old (or until 14 years old if wealthy)Arranged marriages at 15-18 years oldWhile father still alive, sons couldn't own land or have control of own familyMarried sons lived with wife and children in home of father until father's Women - could own landNo education since no role in politicsArranged marriages at 13-14 years old

  10. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6snVyK6gQCE

  11. From Republic to Empire (Roman Politics) • Originally monarchy509 BCE Roman Republic formed when king tossed outEvolved into republic (never was a direct democracy like Greece)Freemen elected officials who passed lawsPatricians elected senators that advised two power-sharing consuls494 BCE Plebeians rebelled and marched out of RomeElected their own tribuneOfficial Senate accepted Tribune after this economic "blackmail"Plebeians moved close to equalityResult is very similar to USA's politics of Senate (2 per state) and Assembly (based on population)

  12. Either house can initiate a law but both houses must agree on wording of law59 BCE Julius Caesar, Roman general elected to consulWanted to rule all of roman landsInvaded Gaul (France) and became Gaul's governor49 BCE planned return to Rome but Roman senate feared he'd become dictatorSenate warned him not to cross the Rubicon River with his armyJulius Caesar did cross and declared war on his enemies3 years of civil war

  13. 46 BCE appointed dictator for 10 years, was a good leader44 BCE declared dictator for lifeMarch 15 stabbed by group of senators (et tu Brutus?)Followed by civil war

  14. Octavian (grand-nephew) and Mark Anthony (Roman General) fight and win senate's armyGain control of all of RomeOctavian controls the eastAnthony controlled the west (falls in love with Egypt's Cleopatra)Octavian fights Anthony and wind control of all of RomeChanged name to Augustus (Caesar Augustus)Peace for 200 years (PaxRomana)27 BCE Roman Republic end

  15. 476 AD Roman Empire "Falls" apartRome still capital of modern Italy"Eternal City"Has been important for 300 years • The Senate got too powerful and there was civil unrest+-

  16. Rome’s success in gaining control of the entire Italian peninsula • Romans were good diplomats ( extended citizenship) • Crushed rebellions when necessary • Brilliant strategists: as they conquered, they built colonies, roads and infrastructure • Did not try to build an ideal government: reacted to problems as they arose.

  17. Triumvirate (a government by three people of equal power) • First Triumvirate (Crassus, Pompey, Julius Caesar) • Dictator= a ruler with absolute power • Second Triumvirate (Marc Antony, Octavian, Lepidus)

  18. Early Empire • Augustus • Pax Romana= a period of peace and prosperity that lasted almost a hundred years • Nero=persecution of Christians

  19. Political and Military Reforms of Diocletian and Constantine • Diocletian believed the Roman Empire had grown too large for a single ruler so he divided it into four units, each with its own ruler • Greatly enhanced the army and civil service institutions, but drained most of the public funds • In the long run, they stifled the vitality the late Empire needed to revive its sagging reforms

  20. Gladiatorial Games • A way the emperor kept the poverty-stricken masses pacified

  21. The Rise of Christianity • Able to draw believers away from the Roman gods for three main reasons: • The Christian message was personal and offered salvation and eternal life to individuals • Seemed familiar • Fulfilled the human need to belong • Constantine= first Christian emperor • Theodosius the Great= made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire • Edict of Milan= proclaimed official tolerance of Christianity

  22. Decline and Downfall • Christianity weakened Rome’s military virtues • Roman values declined as non-Italians gained prominent positions • Lead poisoning from water pipes and vessels caused a mental decline • Slavery held Rome back from advancing technologically • Rome’s political system was dysfunctional

  23. Roman Timeline • 1000 BCE migration south over Alps753 BCE Romulus and Remus found Rome509 BCE Republic established264-146 Roman Empire expansion27 BCE Augustus become Emperor96 - 108 AD Height of power and territory395 AD East and West split476 AD West overthrown by Germans

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