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China: 5,000 Years of History in One Presentation

China: 5,000 Years of History in One Presentation. Mr. Ornstein Willow Canyon High School Go Go Wildcats Go!. Yellow River Valley. China Is One of the 4 Cradles of Civilization Chinese Civilization is Around 5,000 Years Old Starts in Yellow River Valley. Dynastic Rule.

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China: 5,000 Years of History in One Presentation

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  1. China: 5,000 Years of History in One Presentation Mr. Ornstein Willow Canyon High School Go Go Wildcats Go!

  2. Yellow River Valley • China Is One of the 4 Cradles of Civilization • Chinese Civilization is Around 5,000 Years Old • Starts in Yellow River Valley

  3. Dynastic Rule • Until 1911 China Was Ruled by Dynasties • Dynasty- Family of Related Rulers • Emperor

  4. Mandate of Heaven • Right to Rule China • Similar to Divine Right • Ruling Dynasties Gained or Lost the Mandate of Heaven • Goal of Rulers Was to Keep Order and Prevent Chaos

  5. Dynastic Cycle • New Dynasty-Takes Power/Improves Conditions • New Dynasty Gets Old- Corrupt, War, Taxes • Natural Disasters Blamed on Old Dynasty • Old Dynasty Takes Power

  6. Chinese Philosophies • Confucianism- Keeping Order • Buddhism-Popular Because it Promised a Good Afterlife to the Poor Chinese Peasants

  7. Qin Shi Huangdi • Leader of Qin Dynasty • Unified China

  8. Other Chinese Dynasties • Han Dynasty-Very Similar to Roman Empire • Tang and Song-Golden Age of China

  9. The Great Wall of China • Built to Keep Manchurians and Mongols Out of China • Fails on Both Account

  10. Isolated China??? • China Was More Isolated Than Other Early Civilizations • Chinese Culture Was More Ethnocentric • Geographic Isolation: Mountains, Deserts, Ocean

  11. Ethnocentrism • China views itself as the center of the Universe. • Belief its culture is superior. • Belief that non-Chinese are “barbarian”

  12. Exceptions to Chinese Isolation • Silk Road-Trade Between Europe, India, Middle East, Asia • Contact with Japan, Korea, Central Asia

  13. Marco Polo • Increased Interaction Between Europe and Asia • Visits During Mongol Rule

  14. Yuan Dynasty • Mongol Rule • Increased Contact Between China and Other Lands

  15. Zheng He • Ming Dynasty Admiral • Chinese Navy Was Most Powerful at time • Sailed to Africa • Possibly Reaches Americas, Australia

  16. Chinese Isolation • Ming Dynasty Abruptly Calls Back Zheng He and Destroys Chinese Navy • China Reverts to Isolation • China Does not Want Relations or Trade with Europe

  17. Qing or Manchu Dynasty • Last Dynasty to Rule China • Non-Chinese • Rule during time of European Imperialism

  18. Decline of the Qing Dynasty • European Imperialism • Opium Wars • Spheres of Influence • Boxer Rebellion

  19. Republic of China • Sun Yatsen • Overthrows Qing Dynasty • Attempts to Establish a Democracy in China

  20. Warlord Period • Warlords/Military Generals Overthrow Sun Yatsen and Divide China • Chaotic Period

  21. Nationalist Party/KMT • Sun Yatsen Forms the Nationalist Party to Combat the Warlords and Attempt to Reunify China

  22. Chiang Kai Shek • Takes over Nationalists after Sun Yatsen Dies. • Defeats Many Warlords • Nearly Unified China

  23. Chinese Communist Party • July 1921 Founded • Mao Zedong Slowly Emerges as Leader

  24. Chinese Civil War • Nationalists lead by Chiang Kai-Shek vs. Communists Led by Mao

  25. Unity • For A Short Period of Time the CCP and KMT Worked Together to Defeat the Warlords and Unify China. • Soviet Union Urged Cooperation

  26. Answer: • Who was leader of the Chinese Nationalists? • Who was leader of the Chinese Communists?

  27. The Chinese Civil War • 1927-1949 • Temporarily Stops Between 1937-1945 During WWII and Japanese Invasion of China • Non-Communist Nationalists vs. Chinese Communists • Chiang Kai-Shek vs. Mao Zedong

  28. Supporters • Nationalists- Had Support of the Rich, Middle Class, Merchants, Bankers, Manufactures • Communists-Appealed to the Peasants and Women

  29. The Nationalists • More Money • Better Equipment • Support from the US and at times Stalin

  30. Stalin and the Chinese Civil War • Stalin and Mao Do Not Get Along. • Stalin at times Supported the KMT • Soviets Want to Keep Chinese Civil War Going. • Soviets Want a Divided and Weak China on its Border

  31. The Split • April 1927 Chiang Kai-Shek turns on Communists Allies and Begins Arrests and Executions • Start of Chinese Civil War

  32. Nationalist Success • Chiang Kai-Shek Was Initially Successful at Defeating the Communists in the Early Part of the Civil War

  33. The Long March • Starts Oct. 1934 • Communists Retreat North • 80,000 Start, 7,000 Finish • Mao Emerges as Leader • Strengthens the Resolve of CCP

  34. Bad Timing for Chiang Kai-Shek • As Chiang Kai-Shek Was About to Destroy the CCP, Japan Invaded China Beginning World War II. • Chiang Kai-Shek is More Concerned with Defeating Chinese Communists than Fighting Foreign Invasion from Japan. • Failure to Fight off Japan costs him popular support.

  35. CCP and Japan • Chinese Peasants Felt the Communists Were Doing More to Fight the Japanese than the Nationalists. • Japanese Occupation of Japan was Brutal

  36. Xian Incident: Dec. 1936 • Chiang Kai-Shek’s Own Generals Kidnap Him and Force Him to Make Truce with CCP and Fight Japan. • KMT and CCP Join Forces to Fight Japanese Invasion. • CCP Seen as More Active

  37. End of WWII • World War II Ends and Communists and Nationalists Resume the Chinese Civil War • Fighting Japan Drained the Nationalists of Many Resources • Many Peasants Joined the Communists

  38. Marshall Mission • 1945-1946 • Truman Sends Marshall to Negotiate Compromise Between KMT and CCP • 1.5 Million Nationalists Troops Demobilize • Communists Do Not and Use Time to Train and Increase Their Army • Hostilities Resume in Spring 1946

  39. Problems for Nationalists • Hurt by Marshall Mission • Corruption • Inflation • Little Support from Peasants • Undemocratic

  40. Advantages for the Communists • Strong and Charismatic Leadership • Tight After Long March • Massive Peasant Support/Promise Land Reform • Women Support/Promised Equality

  41. Communist Victory • Mao Zedong and the Communists Win Control of China in 1949 • Establish the Peoples Republic of China

  42. Chiang Kai-shek Retreats • Chiang Kai-shek retreats to the Island of Taiwan and Establishes a Non-Communist Government. • Republic of China

  43. 2 China’s??? • Chiang Kai-shek Promised to Return to China. Felt he was legitimate ruler. • Peoples Republic of China sees Taiwan as part of China and is currently a “break away” state.

  44. Who won or lost China? • Did Communists win control? • Did Chiang Kai-shek lose it? • What is the fault of President Truman and his administration?

  45. Truman and China • 3 Billion in Aid to Chiang Kai Shek • Many in Congress were Strong Supporters of Chiang Kai-shek • Problems with Marshall Mission? • Compromised State Department?

  46. Chiang’s Loss??? • Well Supplied and Plenty of Money • Very Corrupt • Poor Leader • Failure to win Support of Peasant • Poor Generalship

  47. Mao’s Victory??? • Tight Leadership after Long March • Peasant Support from resistance to Japan and promise of land reform • Better/more ruthless leadership?

  48. McCarthyism and China • “Loss of China” helps start wave fear in the United States that Communist Sympathizers infiltrated our government.

  49. Summary??? • How did the Chinese Communists Become Popular in China? • How did WWII affect the Chinese Civil War? • Who lost China?

  50. Mao’s China • Communist Totalitarian Dictatorship • Cult of Personality • Complete Control Over Peoples Lives • Most Original Supporters are Killed or Jailed • Rules Until 1976

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