FC.53 EARLY CHINA AND THE PATTERN OF ITS HISTORY(c.1500-500 B.C.E.)

1. FC.53 EARLY CHINA AND THE PATTERN OF ITS HISTORY(c.1500-500 B.C.E.) Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant lands Army is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over & revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall Shang Dyn. (c.1500-1028 B.C.E.) Sev. developments in Ch. civ. Combining priestly & polit. roles No separate priest class Phonetic rebus (not ideogr.) script Still over 47,000 characters Peasant revolts Raids & invasions Central government steadily weakens Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s Hydraulic civ. evolves in Huang He River Valley after 2000 B.C.E. Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” Irregular & massive floods Major irrig. & flood control projects Strong central govt. Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys Mandate of Heaven justifies good dyn’s & rev. vs. bad dyn’s RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Intellectual ferment due to changes in Ch. soc. 2 new philosophies Confucianism: Harmony in soc. requires strictly defined relationships based on rigid hierarchy Taoism: Harmony in life requires natural balance & flow b/w passive/female Yin & active/male Yang RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Heavy infl. on civil serv. exam system & soc. Heavy infl. on Ch. medicine & art (esp. landscapes) Confucianism & Taoism along w/ Buddhism complement each other & provide balance to Ch. civ. Silk textiles, carved jade & highly developed bronze N. Nomads est. Zhou dyn. (1028 B.C.E.) Follow cycle of Ch. history “Age of Warring States” (481-221 B.C.E.) (FC.54)

2. FC.54 IMPERIAL CHINA: THE QIN & HAN DYNASTIES (500 B.C.E.-220 C.E.) Redistributed land to peasants Expanded trade on Silk Rd. Brief contact w/Rome Makes new provinces & non-hereditary gov’s Lowered taxes & restored canals Great Wall vs. nomad horsemen Growing wealth & power of princes Improved govt. with civil service exams Excellent bureaucrats Still a high value put on education Kept land redistr. to peasants Maintained Great Wall & large army Shih Huang Ti unites China Qin Dyn. (221-202 B.C.E.) & several far reaching reforms & projects Uniform laws, taxes & wt’s & measures Censorship, repression, & huge tax & labor burdens Rebellions Fall of Qin Dyn. Rise of Han Dyn (202 B.C.E-220 C.E.) Continued many Qin policies: New tech: rag paper, water clocks, astron. & acupuncture “Pax Sinica” (Chinese peace), a period of prosperity & cultural flowering: Better able to feed cities & armies Chinese cultural influence spreads across E. Asia Local princes replace village leaders with their own agents to collect taxes Local princes raise own armies Less distinction b/w princes & Zhou emp’s Indep. & competing princes “Age of Warring States”( 400-221 B.C.E.) Huge army & bur. Heavy taxes Peasants lose lands to nobles Peasants revolts Frontier defenses not kept up  Nomadic raids & invasions Local princes build canals for transp. & irrig. Princes claim newly dev. lands Princes get tolls from rising trade Buddhism comes from India 1 of the “Three Doctrines” Rise of towns, trade, & middle class during Zhou Dynasty (FC.53) Fall of Han dyn. Period of chaos (FC.56)

3. FC.55 THE PARALLEL IMPACTS OF DISEASE ON CHINA AND ROME Smallpox & measles hit Rome in 165 & 251 C.E. Plague hits Persia & Byz’s in 500s Allowed rise of Arab Muslims in 600s Civ’s adapt to diseases by 900 CE Pop. & towns recover Plague hits China from 600s-800s Decline & fall of T’ang Dynasty by 906 Little irrigation No parasitic diseases Smallpox & measles hit China in 161, 310, & 322 Wheat & barley Little biological disruption Cooler & drier climate In 2nd cent C.E. Rome & China establish trade links across Eurasia & encounter diseases of older civ’s Civ. diseases of Mid-East & India spread to fringe of Eurasia Bubonic Plague originating in India or Africa China adapts to diseases by 900 CE Pop. & towns recover Relatively free of disease because: By 500 BCE, older civilizations in Mid East & (probably) India have adapted to “civilized” infectious diseases (FC.6) Spread of civiliz. to China (FC 53). Spread of civiliz. to Mediterranean (FC 17). Christ. rises in response (FC.37) Pop. loss & fall of Rome (FC.36) Buddh. rises in response (FC.50) Pop. loss & fall of Han Dyn. (FC.54) Revived civ’s vulnerable to return of plague in 1300s (FC.71)

4. FC.56 CHINA AT ITS HEIGHT: THE SUI & T’ANG DYNASTIES (220-906) Fall of Han Dyn. (FC.54) Wars & chaos, but also tech. innovations (wheel barrow, seed sower, & water mill to save labor Kingdom of Wei in N. combines nomadic energy & Chinese influence  Able to defend vs. nomads further N. Sui Dynasty (581-618) in south which reunites China Restores the Great Wall China’s W- E rivers linked by canals Easier trade b/w N & S Campaigns vs. nomads All done at tremendous cost in lives & money  Widespread revolts & fall of Sui Dyn. T’ang Dyn. (618-906) replaces Sui, & builds on its work much as Han Dyn. Built on Qin Dyn’s work Restored & expanded Chinese power in E. Asia: NE into Korea (660-68) with cultural influence reaching Japan South into rainforests & rice growing regions of SE Asia W. into Tibet & Cent. Asia until halted by Arabs at Talas R. (751) Flourishing culture with exchange of ideas on religion, tech., etc, Chinese civil service exams & bureaucrats dominate Chinese soc. Govt. grants them estates, taking land from peasants & increasing their tax burden Depend on costly & unreliable nomad mercenaries Lose battles & provinces to nomads Confucian influence  China reacts vs. foreign influence Less progressive & more inward looking Thriving trade, dev. of credit, paper $, & better rice agr. In S S. China’s prominence Literature & painting, which. showed Taoist influence in its excellent landscapes Corruption & neglect of flood control & irrigation Famine Invasions & peasant revolts Fall of T’ang & eventual rise of Song Dynasty (FC.57)

5. FC.57 THE SUNG DYNASTY (960-1279) & MONGOL RULE (1279-1368) Dissension & corruption within Mongol ranks Bubonic plague devastates China & esp. Mongols Fall of T’ang Dynasty in 906 (FC.55) Powerful kingdom of semi-civilized nomads, the Khitan, rule N. China Sung Dyn. in S. Nomads stopped by rice paddies & lack of pasture Sung help Jurchen (tribe even further N.) dest. Khitan in middle Jurchen turn vs. Sung & drive them further S. Sung Dyn. thrives in S. where rice agr. supports big pop., strong econ. & bur, but few cavalry: Highly urbanized soc. Women’s labor needed less  lower status Invention of paper money to avoid carrying cash Tech. innovations: water clock, gunpowder & wood block printing Art, esp. landscape ptg., emphasizing nature & empty space in the spirit of Taoism & Buddhism Expansion of overseas trade to SE Asia & Indian Ocean, since nomads had cut overland Silk Rd. Emperors, absorbed in their own pleasures, ignore growing signs of trouble No attempt to solve probl’s of debt & forced labor Turmoil Rely on expensive army & tribute to Jurchen in N. to keep the peace Help Mongols destroy Jurchen No buffer vs. more dangerous Mongols Genghis Khan conquers N. China, but S. China’s fortified cities & waterways slow Mongols’ progress Mongol Empire, stretching from Pacific to E. Eur., finally conquers S. China (1279) during reign of Kublai Khan Used foreign rather than Chinese bureaucrats & script Strict rule discouraged innovations in arts Safe travel on Silk Rd More contact with Europe Interest in China Age of Exploration (FC.81) Mongol rule very unpopular Mongol rule in China overthrown (1368) & replaced by Ming Dynasty (FC.57)

6. FC.58 THE MING & EARLY QING DYNASTIES (1368-c.1800) Sailing exped’s to India & E. Africa to spread trade & Chinese influence Strong native rule restored by Ming Dynasty (FC.56) Strong prosperous empire ruled from Beijing in North: Restore civil service exams & position of mandarins Extend Chinese rule to old borders of Han Emp. Reforestation, canal & dike repairs & tax reform China once again politically & culturally dominates E. Asia: Architecture develops with arched bridges & curved roofs Jesuits from Europe exchange tech. & scientific ideas w/China Until hereditary offices in army caused its gradual deterioration Until emperors lose interest in govt & retreat to luxury of the forbidden City in Beijing Corruption & neglect of flood control & irrigation Famine Nomadic raids from North & pirate raids from Japan  Decline of Ming Dynasty Semi-nomadic Manchu from Manchuria rule China as Qing Dynasty (1644-1911j) while maintaining Chinese govt. & scholarship Greatest expansion of China’s borders & contact with outside world in China’s history Import new crops from Americas: sweet potatoes, corn, & better strains of rice Franciscans & dominicans preach vs. Confucianist ideas & practices Chinese agr. expands to uplands of some of its rivers Population grows to 350m. by 1800 Serious economic & environmental strains China cuts off most contact with Europe Chinese technology starts to stagnate Soil erosion & deforestation  Disastrous floods downstream China open to aggression from W. Eur. In 1800s (FC124)

7. GEOGRAPHY QUIZ BOWL!

8. Sea of Japan Japan Korea Yellow Sea 13 Taiwan South China Sea Philippines Indochina Malaysia Indonesia Himalayas Bay of Bengal Indian Ocean 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 11 8 9 12 10

9. CHINA REVIEW BOWL

10. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China?

11. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt.

12. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why?

13. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why? Yellow River because it silts up-> Floods

14. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why? Yellow River because it silts up-> Floods Tossup: Chinese name for Yellow River?

15. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why? Yellow River because it silts up-> Floods Tossup: Chinese name for Yellow River? Huang He

16. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why? Yellow River because it silts up-> Floods Tossup: Chinese name for Yellow River? Huang He Tossup: What is loess?

17. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why? Yellow River because it silts up-> Floods Tossup: Chinese name for Yellow River? Huang He Tossup: What is loess? Windblown soil from Gobi Desert that becomes silt in Yellow R.

18. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why? Yellow River because it silts up-> Floods Tossup: Chinese name for Yellow River? Huang He Tossup: What is loess? Windblown soil from Gobi Desert that becomes silt in Yellow R. Tossup: Height of Huang He’s riverbed vs. surrounding farmland By 1887?

19. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why? Yellow River because it silts up-> Floods Tossup: Chinese name for Yellow River? Huang He Tossup: What is loess? Windblown soil from Gobi Desert that becomes silt in Yellow R. Tossup: Height of Huang He’s riverbed vs. surrounding farmland By 1887? 10m. Above

20. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why? Yellow River because it silts up-> Floods Tossup: Chinese name for Yellow River? Huang He Tossup: What is loess? Windblown soil from Gobi Desert that becomes silt in Yellow R. Tossup: Height of Huang He’s riverbed vs. surrounding farmland By 1887? 10m. Above Tossup: What caused Yellow R. to flood in 1938?

21. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why? Yellow River because it silts up-> Floods Tossup: Chinese name for Yellow River? Huang He Tossup: What is loess? Windblown soil from Gobi Desert that becomes silt in Yellow R. Tossup: Height of Huang He’s riverbed vs. surrounding farmland By 1887? 10m. Above Tossup: What caused Yellow R. to flood in 1938? Chinese dynamited levee to stop Jap. army

22. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why? Yellow River because it silts up-> Floods Tossup: Chinese name for Yellow River? Huang He Tossup: What is loess? Windblown soil from Gobi Desert that becomes silt in Yellow R. Tossup: Height of Huang He’s riverbed vs. surrounding farmland By 1887? 10m. Above Tossup: What caused Yellow R. to flood in 1938? Chinese dynamited levee to stop Jap. army 3) The myth of Chinese writing & how it got started?

23. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why? Yellow River because it silts up-> Floods Tossup: Chinese name for Yellow River? Huang He Tossup: What is loess? Windblown soil from Gobi Desert that becomes silt in Yellow R. Tossup: Height of Huang He’s riverbed vs. surrounding farmland By 1887? 10m. Above Tossup: What caused Yellow R. to flood in 1938? Chinese dynamited levee to stop Jap. army 3) The myth of Chinese writing & how it got started? It’s 97% phonetic, not ideographic. Sp. & Port. Missionaries saw this exotic complicated script & assumed it was ideographic. Chinese intellectuals may have encouraged this idea to overawe the Eur’s

24. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why? Yellow River because it silts up-> Floods Tossup: Chinese name for Yellow River? Huang He Tossup: What is loess? Windblown soil from Gobi Desert that becomes silt in Yellow R. Tossup: Height of Huang He’s riverbed vs. surrounding farmland By 1887? 10m. Above Tossup: What caused Yellow R. to flood in 1938? Chinese dynamited levee to stop Jap. army 3) The myth of Chinese writing & how it got started? It’s 97% phonetic, not ideographic. Sp. & Port. Missionaries saw this exotic complicated script & assumed it was ideographic. Chinese intellectuals may have encouraged this idea to overawe the Eur’s Tossup: number of ideographs?

25. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why? Yellow River because it silts up-> Floods Tossup: Chinese name for Yellow River? Huang He Tossup: What is loess? Windblown soil from Gobi Desert that becomes silt in Yellow R. Tossup: Height of Huang He’s riverbed vs. surrounding farmland By 1887? 10m. Above Tossup: What caused Yellow R. to flood in 1938? Chinese dynamited levee to stop Jap. army 3) The myth of Chinese writing & how it got started? It’s 97% phonetic, not ideographic. Sp. & Port. Missionaries saw this exotic complicated script & assumed it was ideographic. Chinese intellectuals may have encouraged this idea to overawe the Eur’s Tossup: number of ideographs? 47,021

26. CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why? Yellow River because it silts up-> Floods Tossup: Chinese name for Yellow River? Huang He Tossup: What is loess? Windblown soil from Gobi Desert that becomes silt in Yellow R. Tossup: Height of Huang He’s riverbed vs. surrounding farmland By 1887? 10m. Above Tossup: What caused Yellow R. to flood in 1938? Chinese dynamited levee to stop Jap. army 3) The myth of Chinese writing & how it got started? It’s 97% phonetic, not ideographic. Sp. & Port. Missionaries saw this exotic complicated script & assumed it was ideographic. Chinese intellectuals may have encouraged this idea to overawe the Eur’s Tossup: number of ideographs? 47,021 4) Pattern of rise & fall of Chinese dynasties?

27. Prosperous soc. until neglectful emp’s take over Corruption, High taxes & loss of peasant lands Army is neglected & Great Wall not maintained Peasant revolts Raids & invasions Central government steadily weakens RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY RECURRING CYCLE OF CHINESE HISTORY Energetic new dynasty, often semi-civilized nomads, takes over & revives China Lower taxes, redistribute land to peasants & restore irrigation & flood control Restore govt. & civil service exam system Restore army & the Great Wall CHINA REVIEW BOWL 1) 3 geog. Factors affecting China? 1) Most fertile land is in E. 1/3 of China  Pop. concentrated in E. River valleys 2) Mts., jungles, steppe, & ocean isolate China  Feels it is unique & superior “Middle Kgd” 3) Irregular & massive floods-> Major irrig. & flood control projects-> Strong central govt. 2) What was called China’s Sorrow & why? Yellow River because it silts up-> Floods Tossup: Chinese name for Yellow River? Huang He Tossup: What is loess? Windblown soil from Gobi Desert that becomes silt in Yellow R. Tossup: Height of Huang He’s riverbed vs. surrounding farmland By 1887? 10m. Above Tossup: What caused Yellow R. to flood in 1938? Chinese dynamited levee to stop Jap. army 3) The myth of Chinese writing & how it got started? It’s 97% phonetic, not ideographic. Sp. & Port. Missionaries saw this exotic complicated script & assumed it was ideographic. Chinese intellectuals may have encouraged this idea to overawe the Eur’s Tossup: number of ideographs? [47,021] 4) Pattern of rise & fall of Chinese dynasties?

28. VIDEO QUIZ BOWL!

29. Whose palace does this represent? An artist’s conception of the Xia dynasty’s palace and courtyard at Erlitou (c.2000 B.C.). Problem with the Xia Dynasty? There is still controversy over whether to treat the Xia as China’s first true dynasty or merely as a legend.

30. What is this and it importance? Oracle bone with some of the earliest examples of Chinese writing we have What were they carved on? Turtle shells and ox bones.

31. How do Chinese views of dragons differ from those of the West?. The Chinese see them as benevolent. What do its waking, sleeping and breathing determine? Day & night, the seasons and weather. From what animals does the dragon get the following body parts? Head? Camel Eyes? Demon Ears? Cow Horns? Stag Neck? Snake Belly? Clam Paws? Tiger Claws? Eagle Scales? Carp How many? 117 What is it playing with and its significance? A flaming pearl, which is believed to be the source of its power. What distinguishes an Imperial dragon? It has 5 claws instead of 4.

32. What is this creature called? The Hodag Where is it found? Wisconsin

33. What does this map illustrate? The different dialects of Chinese spoken across China

34. What is going on here? Prisoners are being taken for execution as a human sacrifices in a royal burial.

35. What is this? An ax blade used for human sacrifices. What dynasty was especially noted for its bronze technology? Shang Dynasty

36. Different types of currency during the Shang dynasty What are these?

37. What legend surrounds this “limestone forest”? A god shattered a mountain to create this labyrinth for lovers to court.

38. What building is this? The Dalai Lama’s winter quarters in Tibet

39. Who is this? Lao Tze, founder of Taoism Do nothingness or creative quietude-> combines supreme activity w/supreme relaxation What is wu wei? On the tallest tree According to Taoists, where does the ax first fall? Water because of its effortless motion, its ability to bear heavy weights & wear down rocks, and clarity when calm. According to Taoists, what element should we strive to be & why?

40. What is this? Symbol for yin & yang Shaded What does yin literally mean? What qualities does it stand for? female, dark terrestrial, passive, cool, submissive What does yang literally mean? Sunlit male, bright, celestial, active, warm, dominant What qualities does it stand for? They complement each other & represent an ideal balance between these opposing qualities How do they relate to one another & what ideal do they represent? The idea that inside of each quality, there is always a little bit of the other What do the dots represent? The idea that instead of being opposed to one another, they flow naturally into one another What does the curved line represent?

41. Who is in this picture? Confucius (r.), Lao-Tze, and the baby Buddha, representing the Three Doctrines What saying is there about the 3 doctrines & what does it mean? One is a Confucianist in the day, a Taoist in the evening, and a Buddhist at night. Each philosophy can be appropriate for different parts & periods of our lives w/o getting in each other’s way.

42. What does this show? How the Yellow River has changed course many times over history

43. Confucius (551-479 BCE) “Wagging his lips & clacking his tongue, he presumes to be a source of right and wrong in order to delude the masters of Under Heaven.” --contemporary description of Confucius

44. Yin & Yang

45. 3) Mandate of heaven?

46. 3) Mandate of heaven? Idea that Heaven shows its approval of a dynasty through peace and prosperity (which are largely the result of good govt.) and its disapproval through natural disasters (esp. floods), wars, & civil turmoil (which are largely the result of bad govt.) -> Justifies revolution

47. 3) Mandate of heaven? Idea that Heaven shows its approval of a dynasty through peace and prosperity (which are largely the result of good govt.) and its disapproval through natural disasters (esp. floods), wars, & civil turmoil (which are largely the result of bad govt.) -> Justifies revolution Tossup: Describe the priest class in Chin. history?

48. 3) Mandate of heaven? Idea that Heaven shows its approval of a dynasty through peace and prosperity (which are largely the result of good govt.) and its disapproval through natural disasters (esp. floods), wars, & civil turmoil (which are largely the result of bad govt.) -> Justifies revolution Tossup: Describe the priest class in Chin. history? No distinct class of priests except emperor

49. 3) Mandate of heaven? Idea that Heaven shows its approval of a dynasty through peace and prosperity (which are largely the result of good govt.) and its disapproval through natural disasters (esp. floods), wars, & civil turmoil (which are largely the result of bad govt.) -> Justifies revolution Tossup: Describe the priest class in Chin. history? No distinct class of priests except emperor Tossup: Story of Wu & Yueh?

50. 3) Mandate of heaven? Idea that Heaven shows its approval of a dynasty through peace and prosperity (which are largely the result of good govt.) and its disapproval through natural disasters (esp. floods), wars, & civil turmoil (which are largely the result of bad govt.) -> Justifies revolution Tossup: Describe the priest class in Chin. history? No distinct class of priests except emperor Tossup: Story of Wu & Yueh? Wu beat Yueh in a war-> Ruler of Yueh sent a beautiful woman to ruler of Wu as a gift-> Ruler of Wu distracted from ruling-> Yueh able to defeat Wu