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Ionic Bonding

Ionic Bonding. Ions. atoms that are now stable because they have gained or lost valence electrons resulting a positively or negatively charged atom. Ionic Bonds. formed between ions with opposite charges (+ and -)

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Ionic Bonding

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  1. Ionic Bonding

  2. Ions • atoms that are now stable because they have gained or lost valence electrons resulting a positively or negatively charged atom

  3. Ionic Bonds • formed between ions with opposite charges (+ and -) • therefore, it is mostly elements from the left side of the periodic table combining with those from the right side - +

  4. always the same elements in the same proportion • ex- NaCl (1:1) • CaCl2 (1:2) • Al2O3 (2:3)

  5. atoms gain or lose valence electrons in order to have a full valence shell (2 or 8) • ex) Na has one valence electron, therefore it would lose it and be +1 charged (this is referred to as its ionic charge) • ex) O has six valence electrons, therefore it would gain two and be -2 charged

  6. e- + + - -

  7. Na gives Cl one electron and now both atoms are stable

  8. it is easier to just draw Lewis-dot structures to show valence electrons instead of the drawing the whole atom

  9. 1+ 2+ 3+ 4+/- 3- 2- 1- 0 As it turns out, atoms bond together for a very simple reason: atoms like to have full valence shells (2 or 8).

  10. sometimes it takes more than one of each atom to make the compound “work” • Mg and Cl? • it takes two chlorines to combine with one magnesium • MgCl2 → magnesium chloride

  11. Mg and N? • it takes two nitrogens to combine with three magnesiums • Mg3N2 • magnesium nitride

  12. Easiest way is to switch the charge numbers and write them as subscripts on the formula. Be +2 and N 3- Be3 N2 beryllium nitride

  13. Naming Ionic Compounds • there is only one way ions can combine, therefore there is only one name for each compound formed • keep the first element’s name the same • change the second element ending to ide • sodium and chlorine (NaCl) becomes… • sodium chloride • magnesium and fluorine (MgF2)…. • magnesium fluoride • K and P (K3P) • potassium phosphide

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