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Components of an ecosystem

Components of an ecosystem. Habitat: - where an organism lives Population: - a group of organisms of the same species in an area Community: - total of all populations in an area Ecosystem: - interaction between community & habitats. Producers & Consumers. Producers

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Components of an ecosystem

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  1. Components of an ecosystem • Habitat: • - where an organism lives • Population: • - a group of organisms of the same species in an area • Community: • - total of all populations in an area • Ecosystem: • - interaction between community & habitats

  2. Producers & Consumers • Producers • - Make their own food by photosynthesis (all green plants) • Consumers • - Consume plants or animals to obtain energy • 3 types: • Herbivore - eats plant material only • Carnivore - eats animal material only • Omnivore - eats both

  3. Decomposers • Waste and dead organisms contain chemical elements • These elements are of use to other living organisms • Certain micro-organisms feed on these materials and break them down • The micro-organisms are called decomposers • This releases & recycles the chemical elements

  4. Energy Flow • When something is eaten, energy passes from the prey to the predator • A food chain shows what is eating what • - each arrow shows the direction of energy flow • A food web shows the interaction between different food chains

  5. Energy Loss from a food chain • Energy is lost from undigested or unused food • Energy is used for movement, heat and growth • About 10% of energy taken in is incorporated into body tissues • Therefore the longer the food chain, the more the energy lost along the way

  6. Pyramid of Numbers • Represents the number of organisms at each stage in a food chain • Generally the number of organisms gets lower as you go up the pyramid • The size of organism generally increases as you go up the pyramid • There are exceptions…..

  7. Pyramid of biomass • Biomass : total mass of living matter in a population • Generally biomass decreases with each level of the pyramid • Problems: - Biomass can vary in a species • e.g plants in a field with a high turnover rate • - 2 organisms of the same biomass may be very different in chemical composition, and therefore energy stored

  8. Pyramid of energy • More reliable • Based on productivity • Dry mass (g)/ m2/ year • Illustrates the transfer of energy from one level to the next • For example how much energy consumed is converted into tissues

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