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Lesson 9.3 Fact Finder. Times of Conflict. Do Now. Take out your Lesson 9.3 Fact Finders. The Peloponnesian War Begins. A. In the 400’s BC, Athens and Sparta were the most powerful Greek city-states. The Peloponnesian War Begins.
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Lesson 9.3 Fact Finder Times of Conflict
Do Now • Take out your Lesson 9.3 Fact Finders.
The Peloponnesian War Begins • A. In the 400’s BC, Athens and Sparta were the most powerful Greek city-states
The Peloponnesian War Begins • 1. Leaders of Athens wanted even greater power over other Greek city-states • 2. Leaders of Sparta feared Athens would become stronger than they were
The Peloponnesian War Begins • a. This led to a rivalry between the two
The Peloponnesian War Begins • B. Athens placed city-states of Delian League under an Athenian Empire
The Peloponnesian War Begins • 1. They received many tributes and its treasury overflowed • 2. Pericles used this to strengthen city’s defense walls
The Peloponnesian War Begins • a. The Long Walls connected Athens to the port of Piraeus
The Peloponnesian War Begins • b. He also invested money into the navy • c. This powerful navy allowed Athens to pressure more city-states to come under its rule
The Peloponnesian War Begins • C. Sparta was alarmed by these actions • 1. Tension turned to fighting that lasted 15 years • 2. In about 445 B.C., both sides signed a peace treaty called the Thirty Years’ Peace
Activity • Turn to pages 336 and 337 of your textbook and let’s observe an Athenian warship.
Renewed Fighting • A. 14 years later, Athens and Sparta began fighting again • 1. Sparta invaded Attica, and people fled to safety in the walls of Athens city
Renewed Fighting • 1. The Spartan army destroyed the abandoned homes and crops
Renewed Fighting • 2. A plague broke out in Athens killing many, including Pericles NOOOO!!!!
Renewed Fighting • B. Athens suffered through many leaders in the following years
Renewed Fighting • a. Many of them were demagogues, who were popular because they told people what they wanted to hear, even though it was not true
Renewed Fighting • B. Sparta built up its navy and defeated the Athens in 405 B.C. • 1. The Athenians surrendered to the Spartans a year later
III. The Thirty Tyrants • A. Spartans decided terms of peace • 1. They broke up the AthenianEmpire and limited it to 12 ships • 2. Also ordered Athens to take down the LongWalls and close the port of Piraeus
The Thirty Tyrants • B. Sparta also took control of Athenian government • 1. They replaced democracy with a dictatorship • a. This is a government with absolutepower
The Thirty Tyrants • B. This dictatorship was an oligarchy with 30 pro-Spartan aristocrats • i. They were known as the ThirtyTyrants, due to their cruel rule
The Thirty Tyrants • ii. They threw former leaders in prison • iii. Also killed many Athenians and forced many others into exile
The Thirty Tyrants • 2. The Thirty Tyrants ignored Athenian laws and took citizens’ rights and citizenship away
The Thirty Tyrants • a. Only 3,000 of the richest citizens of Athens, known as the ThreeThousand, still had the right to a trial
IV. Athens Regains Independence • A. Other Greek city-states helped Athens by taking in exiled citizens • 1. In Thebes, an exiled Athenian general formed an army to regain Athens • 2. Thebans helped the general and other exiles to regain the port of Piraeus
Athens Regains Independence • a. The leader of the Thirty Tyrants was killed in the battle • b. Other tyrants asked Sparta for help
Athens Regains Independence • B. Sparta refused to help the Thirty Tyrants, and the ThreeThousand regained control of Athens • 1. They set out to restore democracy
Athens Regains Independence • a. People felt little confidence in their government and wanted stronger leaders
Athens Regains Independence • b. Although a new Athenian council gained authority to govern the city-state, democracy never fully recovered
V. Competition Among City-States • A. Athens and Sparta had both suffered from years of fighting • 1. Sparta tried to regain trade and power by conquering city-states in AsiaMinor under Persian Control
Competition Among City-States • B. Corinth, Athens, and Argos formed the Corinthian Alliance in 375 B.C.
Competition Among City-States • Sparta and this alliance hired mercenaries, or soldiers willing to fight for anyone who pays them
Competition Among City-States • 1. Sparta defeated the alliance • C. Soon after, Athens and 70 other city-states allied with Thebes to defeat Sparta
Competition Among City-States • 1. In 371 B.C., the alliance defeated Sparta • 2. The Thebans broke up Sparta’s PeloponnesianLeague, and formed a new league that did not include Sparta • 3. Thebes also freed Sparta’s helots, and allowed them to form their own city-state, Messene
Competition Among City-States • D. Resentment towards Thebes’ power • 1. Athens and its allies attacked Thebes, but lost • a. The Theban leader was killed in battle, and Thebes lost power over Greece
Competition Among City-States • E. The city-states of Greece continued to fight over power • 1. Competition for power and wealth led to conflicts • a. This led Greece to become unstable
Wrap Up • What events led to a rivalry between Sparta and Athens? • What did Pericles do to prepare Athens for war? • Who were the Thirty Tyrants? • How did Athens government change following its independence? • What led to the instability of ancient Greece?
