Autonomous Solar Strategies Sept. 13, 2004 uvm/~gflomenh/CDAE170/

1. Autonomous Solar Strategies Sept. 13, 2004 http://www.uvm.edu/~gflomenh/CDAE170/ Gary Flomenhoft, BSME, MPP, CEE Research Associate, Gund Institute, SNR

2. Why Solar?

3. World Oil Extraction

4. Peak Gas and Oil

5. The Epoch of Fossil Fuel Exploitation (after Hubbert, 1969) 300 200 Trillion kwh per year 100 +5 +1 +2 +3 -1 +4 -5 -4 -3 0 -2 Mayan Steam culture Stonehenge Built Parthenon Engine completed Pyramids Iron in constructed Black Middle Death East Inquisition Magellan's Circumnavigation

6. Prices = Economic Scarcity What is the scarce resource?

7. Scarce resource but no price 150 years for feedback

8. Forms of Solar

9. GREECE

10. CHINA

11. HELIOCAMINUS

12. DUTCH

13. WINDOW INSULATION-DUTCH

14. HORTICULTURE

15. CONSERVATORY HEAT

16. ROOF GARDENS

17. SOLAR HOT DOGS

18. How much solar?

19. Vermont Fuel choices

20. VT Electric Energy Supply Mix

21. John’s House Rough Lumber from Local Mill Spruce Siding from Local Mill Roof Slate Recycled from Old Barn House is Super Insulated (R 30 walls dense-pack cellulose) Casement Windows are R 6 Heat w/ Wood, 1 cord/winter Back-up radiant heat 1400 square feet + basement Greenhouse is mostly recycled Double Pane Glass in Greenhouse Greenhouse Wood is Salvaged old-growth Cypress NO PLYWOOD!

22. Passive Solar Building Strategies Choose a good site. Orient east-west and 10deg to TRUE south Locate most windows on south side 7-12% of ft2. Minimize windows on N,W,E sides Provide overhangs or shading to regulate solar gain Thermal storage mass Insulate walls, ceilings, floors, foundations, & windows Protect insulation from moisture Seal house against air infiltration; provide air exchange Provide direct solar heat to each room Create sun free spaces Provide properly sized eco-friendly back-up Protect from wind by landscape or earth berm Synchronize design with living patterns

23. 1. Choose a good site BURLINGTON, VT DATA

24. 1. Choose a good site-bearing angle

25. 1. Choose a good site-Altitude angle

26. 1. Choose a good site

27. 2. Orient EAST-WEST AXIS to TRUE south STOP

28. 2. Orient within 10deg to TRUE south

29. 2. Orient within 10deg to TRUE south 2800 km

30. 2. Orient within 10deg to TRUE south

31. Declination (variation) 2. Orient within 10deg to TRUE south

32. PASSIVE SOLAR DESIGN-5 Design Elements

33. PASSIVE DESIGN

34. PASSIVE DESIGN

35. PASSIVE DESIGN

36. PASSIVE DESIGN-Direct Gain

37. PASSIVE DESIGN

38. Indirect Gain: Trombe wall (unvented)

39. Indirect Gain: Trombe Wall: vented (Thermal storage or Trombe wall) Vented Trombe wall

40. Indirect gain: Sunspace

41. Garden Room Ted Montgomery’s Green Home

42. Looking South is a Sunroom Topped with PVs

43. Review of Indirect Gain Principles-Chiras Orient south +-10 degrees High performance glass Thermally isolate glass High quality caulk Use Selective surface or high temp paint Use dense material Minimal interior finish Insulate glass at night Direct + Indirect glazing = MAX 20% of floor area

44. Selective Surfaces

45. 3. Locate most windows on south side South glass: 7-12% of floor footage SQUARE FOOTAGE = HEATED FLOOR AREA EXAMPLE: 12% OF 3000 SQ FT = 360 SQ FT 4. Minimize windows on N,W,E sides North glass: <=4% East glass: <=4% West glass: <=2% Use low-e multiple panes

46. Windows-Yestermorrow Windows Facing South Ventilation throughout building Triple pane glass

48. PASSIVE DESIGN

49. What kind of windows?

50. What kind of windows?