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Ethnobotanical surveys

Ethnobotanical surveys. Roeland Kindt. Outline. What is ethnobotany Rapid or in-depth surveys Herbarium specimens Selection of informants Estimating the completeness of surveys Local classification systems Bioprospecting. What is ethnobotany. interactions of people and plants

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Ethnobotanical surveys

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  1. Ethnobotanical surveys Roeland Kindt

  2. Outline • What is ethnobotany • Rapid or in-depth surveys • Herbarium specimens • Selection of informants • Estimating the completeness of surveys • Local classification systems • Bioprospecting

  3. What is ethnobotany • interactions of people and plants • biological ethnobotany: economic botany (species, local names, uses) • anthropological ethnobotany: cultural context (holistic)

  4. Rapid or in-depth surveys • Rapid: PRA, planning • In-depth: holistic, statistically sound • herbarium specimens • use • classification systems • environment, people and interactions • phonetic • bioprospecting • economic validation

  5. Herbarium specimens • Botanical identity • Fieldpress: frame, straps, newspaper, blotting paper, ventilators • Field notebook: label information, local identification (name, smell, taste, exudates, bark characterististics, charcoal, …) • Plant dryer? • Voucher: all parts (fertile), presentation (fill) • Duplicates for herbaria • Newspapers and time

  6. Selection of informants • As for PRA: random (populations), targeted (specialists) • Avoid bias (season, location) • Local specialist user groups • living specimens (herbarium?) • context • permanent forest plots

  7. Estimate completeness • Breath: categories surveyed/total • Depth: Σ (subcategories surveyed/total) / total • Replication: number of samples / total • floristic or ethnofloristic categories • stop when breath and depth remain the same, while replication is sufficient

  8. Local classification systems • plant names • primary name (wattle) • secondary name (black wattle) • complex primary name (peppertree) • “I don’t know”, “flower”, “fruit” • under- or overdifferentiation • Local specialists • parallel classification systems (general vs. medicinal)

  9. Bioprospection • Potential • 60 % top 150 prescription drugs • 5-15 % of 250-500 K plant spp. sampled • 1 / 5-10 K molecules screened drug • But: • micro-organisms, marine, insects, animal and human genetics, bioinformatics • more focus on development of screens to use on molecular libraries

  10. Bioprospection (2) • Ethnobotanical surveys more successful in detecting biological activity • but: screens not always available • IPR • but: only half of pharmaceutical companies use ethnobotanical info, and 80% only from literature searches, mainly after detection • Alternative: confirm activity of local medicine and provide feedback (domestication)

  11. Ethnobotany and tree domestication • Uses and management • Priority setting • Local classification • Validation (market surveys) • Participatory approach to domestication (selection)

  12. Local management of diversity

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