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The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague

The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague. Mr. Morris World History. Key Terms Ch. 14.4 pg. 398. Avignon Great Schism John Wycliffe Jan Hus Bubonic plague Hundred Years’ War Joan of Arc. Pope and King Collide.

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The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague

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  1. The Hundred Years’ War and the Plague Mr. Morris World History

  2. Key Terms Ch. 14.4 pg. 398 • Avignon • Great Schism • John Wycliffe • Jan Hus • Bubonic plague • Hundred Years’ War • Joan of Arc

  3. Pope and King Collide • 1300 – After King Philip IV of France became stronger than bishops, Pope Boniface VIII told him that kings must always obey the pope • Philip held him prisoner and planned to bring him to trial • Pope died soon after but never again was a pope able to force monarchs to obey him

  4. Avignon and the Great Schism • After Boniface died, Philip was able to get a French person elected pope • Clement V, the new pope, moved Church headquarters from Rome to Avignon, France • Church in Avignon for the next 70 years • Badly weakened the Church • After the death of Pope Gregory IX, Urban VI, an Italian, was elected pope • No one liked him, and they chose another pope a few months later

  5. Avignon and the Great Schism • The other pope chosen was Clement VII • This meant that there were two popes • French pope in Avignon, Italian pope in Rome • Each excommunicated the other and claimed that they were false • Created the Great Schism • Eventually a third pope was named • All three forced to resign and a single pope was finally restored, but the office of pope was weakened

  6. Scholars Challenge Church Authority • John Wycliffe, an Englishman, preached that Jesus was the true head of the church • Made the pope even weaker • Upset with the wealth and status most clergy had • Bible was the final authority for Christian life • Jan Hus also said that the Bible had more authority than the pope • Excommunicated, captured, and burned at the stake

  7. The Bubonic Plague Strikes • In the mid-1300s Asia, North Africa, and Europe was stricken by the bubonic plague, a deadly epidemic • 1/3 to 1/2 of Europe dead • Tore people apart and caused many to abandon loved ones

  8. Origins and Impact of the Plague • Began in Asia and travelled west on trade routes • 1347 – came to Europe on a ship in Sicily • Black Death – black spots on the skin • Up through Italy into the rest of Europe • All through Europe in four years • 75% of those infected died • 25 million dead in Europe, 25 million more in Asia • Pg. 400

  9. Effects of the Plague • The manor system fell apart during the plague • Populations decreased in large amounts • Trade declined, higher prices • Serfs left manors in order to get more money • Nobles resisted calls for higher pay, led to revolts • Jews took the blame for the plague and were driven out of towns and/or killed • Church lost credibility; prayers didn’t stop the plague

  10. The Hundred Years’ War • France and England fought for over a century during this time as well • Edward III, an Englishman, claimed the French throne after the death of the last Capetian king • Invaded and started a war that was on and off from 1337 to 1453 • French were eventually able to push the English out of France • Changed how wars were fought; no more chivalry

  11. The Longbow Changes Warfare • Longbow introduced by the English • 1346 – Battle of Crecy longbowmen routed a French force three times its size using the longbow • The time of heavily armored knights was ending • Later proved a successful tactic in the battles of Poitiers and Agincourt • No more chivalry, heavy armor made escape impossible

  12. Joan of Arc • After France and England reached an agreement, a teenager in France was moved by God to save France • Wanted Charles VII to be king of France • Led an attack on a fort near Orleans and led the French to victory • Got Charles crowned king • Later captured by the English and condemned to death by the church as a witch and heretic • Burned at the stake, Charles did nothing to help

  13. The Impact of the Hundred Years’ War • When the war ended in 1453, both sides had major changes • Nationalism in both countries; king was a national leader that led the country in a fight for glory • Power of the French monarch grew • In England, the War of the Roses had two noble families fighting one another for the throne • This was the end of the Middle Ages, as faith in the church and the code of chivalry were both abandoned

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