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The passé composé

The passé composé. Use the passé composé to say that something happened at a specific time. The passé composé has two parts: the helping verb ( avoir or être ) and the past participle of the main verb. To make a sentence negative, place ne/n’ around the helping verb.

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The passé composé

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  1. The passé composé Use the passé composéto say that something happened at a specific time. The passé composé has two parts: the helping verb (avoir or être) and the past participle of the main verb. To make a sentence negative, place ne/n’ around the helping verb.

  2. The helping verb avoir is used with most verbs in the passé composé. • j’ai • tu as • il/elle/on a past • nous avons + participle • vousavez • ils/ellesont

  3. The verb être is used with verbs of transition and motion and with reflexive verbs. • je suisRemember • tuesêtreverbs are • il/elle/on est never used with • nous sommes direct objects!!!!! • vousêtes • ils/ellessontAlways make agreement with the subject of an être verb.

  4. If the helping verb is être, the past participle agrees in gender and number with the subject. • Ellessontallées au cinéma. • Elle est venue aux États-Unis. • Nous sommesdescendusl’escalier.

  5. To form the past participles of regular verbs, drop the last two letters of the infinitive and add the endings to the stem. • -er→é parlerparlé • -ir→ifinirfini • -re →u attendreattendu

  6. Here are the past participles of some irregular verbs. • aller→ allé went • avoir→eu had • connaître→connu knew • croire→ cru believed • devoir → du had to • être→ été was • faire →fait did/made • lire → lu read

  7. More irregular past participles. • mettre→ mis put/wore • pleuvoir→ plu rained • pouvoir→ pu was able • prendre→ pris took/ate/got • venir→venu came • voir→ vu saw • vouloir→ voulu wanted

  8. The Imparfait To conjugate verbs in the imparfait take the present tense nous form minus –ons, and add the following endings:

  9. parler→parlons→parl- • je -ais • tu -ais • il/elle/on -ait • nous -ions • vous -iez • ils/elles -aient • je parlais • tuparlais • il/elle/on parlait • nous parlions • vousparliez • ils/ellesparlaient

  10. In English, to say that you used to do something repeatedly, you use a variety of expressions in the past tense: • When I was young, • I used to play soccer. • I would play soccer. • I played soccer. In French, the imparfait includes all these expressions: • Quandj’étais petit(e), je jouais au foot.

  11. The imparfaitstem of êtreis ét- • j’étais I was • tuétais you were • il/elle/on était he/she/one was • nous étions we were • vousétiez you were • ils/ellesétaient they were

  12. To talk about events that used to happen or were happening, and to describe people, things, and situations in the past, use the imparfait • Quandj’étais enfant, on allaitsouvent à la montagne. • Il faisait beau et la merétaitbleue. • Je voulaisêtreastronaute. • J’avaistrois chats, Bentley, Fuzzball et Spritzer.

  13. To talk about past events that happened at a specific time in the past or during a well-defined period of time, use the passé composé hier dernier au moment où soudain d’abord et puis ensuite après finalement enfin tout d’un coup le matin, l’après-midi, le soir • Hier, Fabriceestparti en vacances. • Sonia a renduvisiteà sesgrands-parents l’été dernier. • Tout d’un coup,j’aientendumonreveil.

  14. When a continuous action is interrupted by an event, use the imparfait to describe the continuous action and the passé composéto describe the interrupting event • Elisa faisaitsa valise quand son copainluia téléphoné. • Elisa was packing her suitcase when her friend called her. • J’étais en train de faire le ménage quandtuesarrivé. • I was in the middle of cleaning the house when you arrived.

  15. Reflexive verbs in the passé composé (without body parts) je me suislevé(e) tut’eslevé(e) ils’estlevé elles’estlevée on s’estlevé(e)(s) nous noussommeslevé(e)s vousvousêteslevé(e)(s) ils se sontlevés elles se sontlevées

  16. Reflexive verbs in the passé composé (with a body part) je me suislavé les mains tut’eslavé les mains ils’estlavé les mains elles’estlavé les mains on s’estlavé les mains nous noussommeslavé les mains vousvousêteslavé les mains ils se sontlavé les mains elles se sontlavé les mains

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