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History of Jersey Young-Sire Development Programs in the United States

History of Jersey Young-Sire Development Programs in the United States. H. DUANE NORMAN Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory http://aipl.arsusda.gov Agricultural Research Service, USDA Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 dnorman@aipl.arsusda.gov  301-504-8334. Why Attend?.

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History of Jersey Young-Sire Development Programs in the United States

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  1. History of JerseyYoung-Sire Development Programs in the United States H. DUANE NORMAN Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory http://aipl.arsusda.gov Agricultural Research Service, USDA Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 dnorman@aipl.arsusda.gov 301-504-8334

  2. Why Attend? • The future competitiveness of the breed will be determined primarily by the number and quality of young AI bull sampled. …

  3. Two Key Questions • Should we be getting more bulls sampled? • Does there need to be any change in the quality of bulls sampled?

  4. Successful progeny test (PT) • Selection of bulls with high pedigree merit • Early semen collection • Rapid semen distribution and use in milk-recorded herds • Daughters with unique ID, recorded pedigrees, and kept until milking

  5. PT accuracy and impact • Accuracy of PT evaluations • Number of daughters • Daughter distribution across herds • Impact on genetic improvement • Number of bulls sampled • Intensity of culling of PT bulls

  6. Data sources • National USDA database • ID information from DHI and breed associations • Bull entry into PT programs and semen distribution dates from NAAB

  7. PT definitions • Bulls • U.S. AI organization • 10–29 months old at semen release • NAAB controller code between 1 and 222 • Daughters • Born 8–42 months after bull entered AI sampling • Usable 1st-lactation record • First 125 to calve in DHI herds

  8. Records (1000’s) for sire evaluations

  9. PT bulls (no.) in major studs

  10. Regional sire sampling groups

  11. PT bulls (no.) sampled*

  12. Bull age (months) at semen distribution

  13. Bull age (months) at daughter birth

  14. Bull age (months) at daughter calving

  15. PT daughter age (months) at calving

  16. PT daughters (no.)

  17. PT herds (no.)

  18. PT bulls (%) returned to AI service

  19. Jersey registry types*(no.)

  20. In a 1984 Jersey Journal: • The higher the percentage that Jersey dairyman breed to young bulls (even if this percentage is as high as 90%), the greater the genetic improvement you will make as a breed.

  21. Why? • If you breed 90% to young bulls, the proven bulls will not be used widely, i.e. they’re primarily used to sire the next generation of young bulls entering AI.

  22. Clarification of Hypothetical: • Question: Why does genetic progress continue to increase as percentage bred to young bulls increases to 90%. • Answer: Because you can sample more young bulls. You sample 6X as many bulls with 90% PT use as you can with 15% PT use.

  23. Relative improvement

  24. Conclusions • Little change in age of PT bull at semen release • Decrease in age of PT bulls at daughter birth (4.5 mo for Holsteins and Jerseys) • Taking longer than Holsteins by 2 months to get semen used. HELP here!

  25. Conclusions • Decrease in age of PT bulls at daughter calving (5 to 6 mo) OK here • Number of PT daughters up some. Better to increase a little yet. HELP here!

  26. Conclusions • More education on expectation from young PT bulls. Most people underestimate the value of high pedigree indexed young bulls. HELP here!

  27. PT Active AI? Conclusions (continued) • 1 in 5 PT Jerseys returned to active service compared with 1 in 7 Holsteins, but not 1 in 10 as often floated

  28. Thank you!

  29. Bull age SD (months) at semen distribution

  30. Bull age SD (months) at daughter birth

  31. Bull age SD (months) at daughter calving

  32. Herd distribution (%) by herd PT use

  33. PT cows (%) by herd PT use

  34. Bull age (months) at semen distribution

  35. Bull age (months) at daughter birth

  36. PT daughter age (months) at calving

  37. PT daughters (no.)

  38. PT herds (no.)

  39. Objectives • Summarize characteristics of PT programs related to effectiveness and timeliness • Examine distribution of PT daughters • Determine selection intensity after evaluation of PT bulls

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