Decision Support Capabilities: AF Tactical Decision Aids

1. Decision Support Capabilities:AF Tactical Decision Aids Major Kim Waldron 26 July 2000

2. Mission Requirements Warfighter Support Tools Tactical Decision Aids Visualizations Overview

3. Mission Requirements:Warfighter Support Theater Aerospace Operations Pre-Deployment Climo Impacts 0-12 months /Deployment Operations Planning Impacts on Ops 24-72 hours Mission Planning Impacts on Missions 6-24 hours Mission Rehearsal Visualizations 0-12 hours Mission Execution Re-targeting Wx during mission Sustainment Impacts on Sustainment 0-5 days Re-Deployment Re-Deployment Impacts 0-10 days

4. Warfighter SupportReal-Time Accurate Relevant - Long-range planning - Troop deployments - Course of action development Weather people, weather information involved at every level - Strategy Development - AEF & Force Deployment Climatology air & space 5-day global / theater / space wx forecast - CINC Guidance Letter - Shape of the Battlefield - Defensive / Offensive Planning Operational Area Forecast (air & space wx impacts) - Build Tasking Order; Weapon Selection - AEF Employment; BDA - Mission Planning Planning forecasts (air & space, mission-specific) - Tactic Selection - EOTDA / COMMS - Brief Crew Target / enroute air & space forecasts (go / no-go) Bombs on Target/BDA H-Hour H-12 Hours H-3 Hours H-36 Hours H-30 Days H-120 Hours H-72 Hours

5. Mission Requirements:Planning and Execution • Focus of current decision aids and on-going development work • Allows analysis of weather impacts on weapon system • Adjust target selection • Change mission timing • Pick alternate weapon • Optimize route of flight

6. Tactical Decision Aids Warfighter Weather Effects (WxFX) Integrated Weather Effects Decision Aid (IWEDA) Joint Environmental Exploitation Segment (JEES) Target Acquisition Weather Software (TAWS) Geophysical and Environmental Effects Distributor (GEED) Visualizations Tools Overview

7. Will deliver high resolution weather effects / impacts products to the warfighter for mission rehearsal and long-range planning The program will produce Integrated Weather Effects Decision Aids (IWEDAs) and climatological IWEDAs (CLIMOWEDAs) POC: ASNE MSEA Warfighter Weather Effects

8. Spatial Worst Case* % Green % Yellow % Red AH-64 [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z]  [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] Stinger-Air [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] Stinger- Common [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] 30MM Machine Gun [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] TADS [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] Thermal Sight [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] [00Z][06Z][12Z][18Z] WarWeather Demo Grid: ACMES - Korea (10 km) Time Period: January (1976-1978) Hours: 0, 6, 12, 18 Z Systems: AH-64 and MC-130P Combat Shadow [High Level Summaries][Spatial] Warfighter Wx Effects

9. Rules-based application to produce graphical output (stoplight chart) for a given weapon system Utilizes numerical weather prediction data POC: Army Research Laboratory / 88 WS Integrated Weather Effects Decision Aid

10. BAGHDAD, IQ Iweda v3.1 System Weather Effects Matrix Main Menu Previous Refresh Wx Data Help Save Exit A-10 AH-64 OH-58D UH-60 UAV PERSONNEL TOW-GROUND NGT VSN GOGGLES DATE/HOUR (Zulu Time): 22/20 23/02 23/08 23/14 LEGEND Unfavorable Marginal Favorable Technologies:Weather Effects Visualization IWEDA provides a stop-light representation of weather impacts on sensors, systems, platforms and operations at different times of the day based on critical value thresholds

11. Part of a test version of Theater Air Planner (TAP) Initial prototype interfaces with "canned" versions of the Target List and other available databases Will be extended to incorporate weather impacts in additional areas including: Joint Mission Planning System (JMPS) Force Level Execution (FLEX)for target replanning during the ATO execution Time Critical Targeting (TCT) POC: AFRL Joint Environmental Exploitation Segment

12. TAP Screen Mockup Cane 01 Cane 01

13. Cane 01 Cane 01

14. Cane 01 Cane 01

15. Cane 01 Cane 01

16. TAP - All Better Cane 01 Cane 01

17. Utilizes models developed in several research programs to predict the impact of weather and environmental effects on IR, TV, NVG, and Laser weapon and navigation system performance and surveillance and targeting systems Provides graphs for lock-on range versus time, lock-on range versus approach azimuth, and a graph showing approach angle to maximize sensor detection ranges Joint program AF, Navy, and Army program POC: AFRL Target Acquisition Weather Software

18. HOC 151o / 25o COH Target Acquisition Weather Software • Tactical Tools • Detection range • Best attack axis • Thermal Crossover • Polarity • Illumination

19. Geophysical Environmental Effects Distribution System • Incorporates TDAs to determine atmospheric effects on weapons / sensor performance • Expands capability to include space environmental effects • Initially for wargaming and exercises • Future plans to provide operational capability POC: AFRL

20. Geophysical Environmental Effects Distributor (GEED)

21. Geophysical Environmental Effects Distributor (GEED) PIPPER and 2D Profile of Scud Launcher (2000Z)

22. Screen Capture of DIS Game Board

23. PIPPER and 2D Profile of Scud Launcher (0500Z)

24. Game Board Showing EW Site Barstow EW site

25. PIPPER and 2D Profile of EW Site’s Generator

26. Tactical Decision Aids Visualizations Infrared Target-scene Simulation Software (IRTSS) Advanced Climate Modeling and Environmental Simulations (ACMES) Commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) visualization packages Tools Overview

27. Develops and upgrades models for predicting and visualizing weather impacts on air-to-ground IR targeting and navigation Provides weather-impacted visualization of target scenes in the IR as they would be seen in cockpit displays Being expanded to TV and NVG scenes Situational awareness provides geographic cues to aid pilots in finding targets in a complex scene POC: AFRL CSSM/IRTSSInfrared Cloud Scenes

28. CSSM/IRTSSInfrared Cloud Scenes Clouds Generated by CSSM, rendered with IRTSS

29. One-of-a-kind system that recreates high resolution (40km, 10km, [1km in Oct '00]) atmospheric data over selected, high-interest, data sparse areas using a limited-area mesoscale, physics-based model Cornerstone of ASNE atmospheric data production POC: AFCCC / ASNE MSEA Office Advanced Climate Modeling and Environmental Simulation

30. Advanced Climate Modeling and Environmental Simulation

31. Decision Makers Warfighter Support - Supported CINC, Air Operations Center, etc Flight Safety - individual aircrews guided by MAJCOM directed limitations Resource Protection - Wing or Installation Commander Summary:Support System Capabilities

32. Weather Impacts On Operations KOSOVO DAY 1 08Z 24/02Z 23/02Z 14Z 20Z STRATRECCE HI TACRECCE LO TACRECCE CAS HELO OPS TAC AIRLIFT PERSONNEL GROUND OPS PGMs FAVORABLE MARGINAL UNFAVORABLE CREATED: 23 MAY 0200Z

33. Severe Wx Improvements • New severe weather paradigm -- 2 HOUR WARNINGS ON POTENTIAL • Base-wide severe wx education is key • Enhances combat readiness • New products and services will help -- AFWA providing 2 hour point wx warnings for active, guard, and reserve bases • Reengineering the long term solution Use base-wide team approach to protect people and resources from severe wx

34. Developing multi-purpose decision aids Planning / Execution New TDAs will include optical turbulence in support of the Airborne Laser Program CONOPS are evolving with technology and support infrastructure changes Summary:Support System Capabilities