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Selling in Asia: A view of the markets in India and South Korea

Selling in Asia: A view of the markets in India and South Korea. ASA Conference 2009 Conrad Guettler Wolfson College Cambridge and Publishing Consultant cg119@cam.ac.uk. 16 February 2009. Introduction.

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Selling in Asia: A view of the markets in India and South Korea

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  1. Selling in Asia: A view of the markets in India and South Korea ASA Conference 2009 Conrad Guettler Wolfson College Cambridge and Publishing Consultant cg119@cam.ac.uk 16 February 2009

  2. Introduction • Presentation based on journals market reports prepared for The Publishers Association but will be broader • Information on education and research systems, on funding and publishing • Some comments on the current economic situation in India and South Korea

  3. Introduction - 2 To set the scene, some summary figures India South Korea UK USA Area 3.3m 98,500 242,000 9.8m (Sq km) Population 1.1bn 49m 61m 304m GDP growth 8.5% 4.9% 1.1% 2.2% Education 3.6% 4.6% 5.1% 5.3% (% of GDP) Students in HE 11.8m 3.2m 1.68m 17.5m

  4. India: General • 3.3m sq km; federal republic, 5-year plans • population of 1.1bn • about 70% rural • youth population (15-24yrs) expected to peak in 2011 at 240m • main languages Hindi (30%), English, 14 other national languages • annual GDP growth 6-8% • Characteristics • Growing economy • Steady expansion of higher education • Growing middle class

  5. India: Education • Ministry of Human Resource Development responsible for all education matters (MHRD Annual Report 2007-2008; www.education.nic.in/stats) • 3.5% of GDP spent on education in 2006-7; aim is to reach 6% • Gross school enrolment rates: • Primary 98%, secondary 40%, tertiary 11% • 220m pupils in state schools, 42m in 50,000 private schools • 6,000 new secondary schools planned for 2007-2012 • Government targets for enrolment into HE: 15% by 2012 and 22% by 2017 • University Grants Commission (UGC) is the main administration and funding agency for universities

  6. India:Higher Education Universities as of March 2007-8 (MHRD Annual Report 2007-2008) Central 24 State 251 Deemed 103 Other 38 Total 416 • Over 18,000 Colleges: 1,500 engineering and 1,200 management ones • 16 new universities created in 2004-5, 6 in 2005-6 and 26 in 2006-7 • Some universities (62) and many colleges (11,955) are not (yet) recognized by UGC i.e. are ineligible for central funding (Annual Report 2005-2006) • Since 2003 some 50 new engineering and 50 new business management colleges have been opened annually

  7. India:Higher Education - 2 • Some student enrolment figures (UGC Annual Report 2005-2006): • 11.8m students (41% female) including over 800,00 postgraduates • 45% in Faculty of Arts, 21% in Science, 18% in Commerce, 16% in Professional faculties • 90% of undergraduates and 67% of postgraduates study in Colleges • 91% of research students study in universities • annual output: • over 2m graduates with Batchelor degrees • over 500,000 with Masters degrees • over 18,000 PhDs • about 25,000 graduates of some 240 medical colleges • over 500,000 teaching staff in HE

  8. India:Higher Education - 3 • HE Objectives of the 11th Plan (2007-2012): • 30 new Central Universities, 14 of these aiming at world-class standards • 370 new degree colleges in districts with below average access • 8 new Indian Institutes of Technology • 20 new Indian Institutes of Information Technology • 7 new Indian Institutes of Management • 5 new Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research • 10 new National Institutes of Technology • increase enrolment for 18-24 year age group from 11.6% to 15% • Specific Indian concern: inclusiveness and equitable access: • reserved places in HE for ‘scheduled castes and tribes’: to be increased from 22.5% to 49.5% of admissions

  9. India: Research • Ministry of Science & Technology (MOST) • Spend on R&D: 0.8% of GDP (comparable to Brazil) • MOST responsible for some 200 national laboratories • most research funding goes to the top 20 universities and institutes • centrally funded universities and institutes much better supported than state ones • MOST provides support for publications by professional bodies and societies through its Department of Science & Technology • e.g. National Institute of Science Communication and Information Research (NISCAIR/CSIR) publishes 19 journals. In favour of Open Access • Priorities: biotechnology, nanotechnology. pharmaceutical sciences • India ranked 12th worldwide (ISI, 2008) in terms of number of papers

  10. India: Publishing • Federation of Publishers’ and Booksellers’ Associations in India (FPBAI) • Federation of Indian Publishers (FIP) • Association of Publishers in India (API, foreign-owned publishers) • Issues: piracy and photocopying of textbooks

  11. India: Book Publishing • Over 80,000 new titles published in 2004 (26% Hindi, 22% English) • Total book market estimated as £1.25bn (PA India 2008) • English Language book market estimated as £625m • Trade £250m • School £213m • HE & Professional £162m • HE books and journals market growing by 10% per annum. Journals component estimated as worth £50-70m • All the major international publishers are present in India • Strong Indian college and academic book publishers

  12. India: Journals Publishing • Sage India publishes 45 journals • Springer is co-publishing journals of several Indian societies including the Indian Academy of Science in Bangalore • Taylor & Francis announced a journals co-publishing agreement with Indian scholarly publisher Anamaya • Medknow Publications publishes 79 biomedical journals (most with online submission), all with Open Access to full-text • Most Indian journals available online are Open Access

  13. India: Journals Consortia & e-Books • Consortia • INDEST-AICTE (managed by NISCAIR): 803 members (CSIR laboratories, IITs, IIMs) and some700 self-supported engineering colleges • Inflibnet (UGC funded): for over 150 universities (and soon some associate members?) • National Medical Library Electronic Resources in Medicine 39 members • CERA - Consortium for Electronic Resources in Agriculture 41 members • E-Books • Expected to become more popular when infrastructure improves • Springer makes its e-book collections available via many subs agents

  14. India: Subscription agents Subscription agents still important: Allied Publishers Subscription Agency Globe Publication Pvt. Informatics India Ltd Universal Subscription Agency Pvt. Ltd. and Global Information System Technology Pvt. Ltd. (GIST) Igroup (Balani Infotech) etc Sales & Marketing services Book Marketing Services (Chennai) Agents, Swets etc

  15. India:General observations 2009 is an election year so budgets are likely to grow (but how sustainably?) India is not an export oriented country (unlike Korea) and its economy is somewhat less affected by financial turmoil Higher Education funding for its 11th Plan is likely to remain stable Consortia sales may not offer much growth Print subscriptions past their prime

  16. South Korea: General • 98,500 sq km, strong US influence • population 49m; 25% live in Greater Seoul area • English widely taught in schools • GDP growth 4-5% (13th largest economy in the world) • Major companies Samsung Electronics, Hyundai Motor, LG Electronics, SK (Energy & Telecom) • Characteristics • National determination to become a leading knowledge-based society • Government committed to education but shrinking student cohort • High broadband penetration

  17. South Korea: Education • Ministry of Education, Science & Technology: merger of previous Ministry of Education and Human Resource Development and Ministry of Science & Technology • Minister is Mr Ahn Byong Man, former President of the Hankuk University of Foreign Studies • 2008 Education budget up 13.4%, equal to 19.4% of the national budget • 2009 MEST budget up 8.2% but HE budget up only 2.5% • 230 four-year universities with 2.1m students and 54,000 faculty • 3.5m students in all of HE including junior colleges • 40% of students studying S&T subjects • over 9,000 doctorates a year • over 52,000 faculty in HE

  18. South Korea: Higher Education • Higher Education Priorities • nurture 10 top research universities • more specialization • attract more foreign students • Challenge: college-bound age-cohort (18-21 years) will drop • government reducing student admission quotas • imposing mergers on public and private universities • Restructuring of graduate education • Now 35 professional graduate schools of dentistry and medicine • A new law school system started in 2008: 25 universities approved to open US-style law schools for applicants with a first degree

  19. South Korea: Research • Basic research deemed essential for the country’s long-term development: • 25% of the R&D budget • R&D expenditure now 3.0% of GDP (has steadily increased) • 75% from the private sector • Over 10,000 industrial R&D centres • Korea Research Foundation (KRF) and Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) are the main agencies for research funding • due to merge in 2009 • also support academies, conferences and publications • Over 700 S&T societies • Korea ranked 14th worldwide (ISI, 2008) in terms of number of papers

  20. South Korea: Book Market • Korean Publishers Association has almost 1,000 members • 53,225 new titles publishes in 2007 • literature, children’s books and comics the biggest sectors • 2006 book market estimated at US$1.4bn • Academic sales estimate: US$200m • of which US$75m journals, US$21m databases • Foreign scholarly e-books: • Market estimate: about US$800k-US$1.5m • purchase rather than by subscription (out of ‘e-buying’ or books budget) • major publishers: direct selling but may involve agents/distributors; KESLI

  21. South Korea: Journals Publishing • Korean journals are mostly published by societies and professional bodies, with most content in Korean • Korean language journals available online are generally Open Access • Elsevier, Springer and Wiley-Blackwell are now all co-publishing journals with Korean societies and academies

  22. South Korea: Journals & Consortia • Korea Education & Research Information Service (KERIS) • National licences for databases and e-books • Korean Electronic Site Licence Initiative (KESLI) • Almost 400 libraries participating in National Digital Science Library • 439 libraries in e-journals consortium • over 13,400 e-journals licensed • Some subscription Agents • EBSCO Korea • E*Public • Geonet F1 • Journalpia • Shinwon Datanet (iGroup)

  23. South Korea: General observations Exchange rate impact Kwon devaluation of 40%+ against US$ between July and December weakened Korean currency likely to reduce sales: first print scholarly books followed by e-books then journals increased cancellations of print subscriptions to sustain e-collections most likely NB. “weak pound hurting journal subscriptions in UK” (RLUK) ICOLC appeal to publishers on pricing BUT Education and S&T budgets are still increasing NB. English language proficiency can be somewhat variable

  24. General observations and Contacts Some observations A local presence or representation is essential Need to establish long-term relationships Publishing collaborations are welcome Contact for the PA market survey reports Mandy Knight at The Publishers Association mknight@publishers.org.uk For any other queries please contact me Conrad Guettler, Wolfson College, Cambridge CB3 9BB, UK cg119@cam.ac.uk Thank you!

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