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Birth from the Calf of the Leg. Illustration by Aubrey Beardsley intended for the 1894 edition of Lucian’s The True

Birth from the Calf of the Leg. Illustration by Aubrey Beardsley intended for the 1894 edition of Lucian’s The True History (2 nd century BCE).

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Birth from the Calf of the Leg. Illustration by Aubrey Beardsley intended for the 1894 edition of Lucian’s The True

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  1. Birth from the Calf of the Leg. Illustration by Aubrey Beardsley intended for the 1894 edition of Lucian’s The True History (2nd century BCE)

  2. irony: (verbal, as opposed to dramatic or structural) a rhetorical device in which the speaker’s intended meaning is opposite to that which is stated

  3. parody: “the imitative use of the words, style, attitude, tone and ideas of an author in such a way as to make them ridiculous” (Cuddon)

  4. Menippean satire: satire characterized by its loose mixture of genres, styles, and voices • indirect satire through narrative  voyage in an upside-down world •  multiple targets •  characters are ridiculous mouthpieces for • various ideological or political positions

  5. Illustration by Gustave Doré

  6. I have ever hated all nations, professions, and communities, and all my love is towards individuals; for instance, I hate the tribe of lawyers, but I love Counsellor such-a-one, Judge such-a-one; so with physicians (I will not speak of my own trade), soldiers, English, Scotch, French; and the rest. But principally I hate and detest that animal called man, although I heartily love John, Peter, Thomas and so forth. This is the system upon which I have governed myself many years (but do not tell) and so I shall go on till I have done with them. —Jonathan Swift in a letter to Alexander Pope in 1725

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