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Cellular Respiration

Cellular Respiration. Chapter 9. Guess: How many calories are in this picture?. 1250 Calories Big Mac without cheese 590 Medium french fries 450 Medium regular soft drink 210. Watch How Cells Obtain Energy from 0-3:45. Cellular Respiration

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Cellular Respiration

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  1. Cellular Respiration Chapter 9

  2. Guess: How many calories are in this picture? • 1250 Calories • Big Mac without cheese 590 • Medium french fries 450 • Medium regular soft drink 210

  3. Watch How Cells Obtain Energy from 0-3:45

  4. Cellular Respiration • Definition: Process that releases energy by breaking down food in the presence of oxygen • Occurs in your mitochondria Equation: Watch How Cells obtain Energy from3:45-5:40

  5. How much energy is in food? • calorie –energy needed to raise the temp. of 1 g of water by 1 degree Celsius • Calorie –measures food energy (aka kilocalorie) • 1 Calorie = 1000 calories • Food packages use kilocalorie • 1 kilocalorie = _______ calories? • EX: Can of soda = 200 food Calories 1000 Why is soda so bad?

  6. Calories generate ATP • 3500 Calories = 1 pound of fat • To lose 1 lb reduce diet by 3500 Calories • Lose 2 lbs? ________ • Lose 10 lbs? _________ • 1 gram carbs = 4 Calories • 1 gram protein = 4 Calories • 1 gram fat = 9 Calories 7000 35,000

  7. How many calories do our cells need to function per day? 3 factors impacting calorie intake: • Basal metabolic rate • Physical activity • Thermiceffect of food

  8. Let’s calculate your BMR: • Convert your height to cm: ____ in x 2.54 • Convert your weight to kg: ____ lbs x 0.454 • Females: • BMR = 655 + (9.6 x weight in kg.) + (1.8 x height in cm) - (4.7 x age in years). • Males: • BMR = 66 + (13.7 x weight in kg.) + (5 x height in cm) - (6.8 x age in years).

  9. Why are marathon runners able to run for such long periods of time? How do sprinters run so fast? Can someone who’s a talented sprinter also be equally talented at running long distance?

  10. Cells Harvest Chemical Energy Slow twitch muscles Fast twitch muscles • Sustain repeated, long contractions • Do NOT generate quick energy • Slow/steady muscle activity • Used in endurance • Contract quickly and powerfully • Fatigue easily • Short bursts of intense exercise • Ex: weight lifting, sprinting

  11. Fast twitch Slow twitch

  12. Muscle Background Info • All muscles contain slow & fast • % of each depends on muscle type and person • Quadriceps • Marathon runners = 80% slow twitch • Sprinters = 60% fast twitch • What makes this types of muscle fibers ideal for these types of runners?

  13. Life Requires Energy • We eat food (calories) in order to generate ATP using a process called cellular respiration. • Growth • Move • Reproduce • Transport materials • Manufacture products • Build/maintain structure

  14. What does “respiration” mean?

  15. Respiration – synonym for breathing • Exchange of gases (take in O2 release CO2) • NOT the same as CELLULAR RESPIRATION • Aerobic harvesting of energy from food molecules

  16. Cellular Respiration • 2 Types of Cellular Respiration • Anaerobic respiration: When no oxygen is present • Aerobic respiration: When oxygen is present

  17. Glycolysis • Both start with Glycolysis: “splitting of sugars” • Occurs in Cytoplasm • Glucose  Pyruvate • Invest 2 ATP • Get out 4 ATP • What’s the net profit?2ATP

  18. After Glycolysis, 2 options: Fermentation No O2 Glycolysis O2 Aerobic Respiration

  19. Fermentation • If no oxygen is present in the organism, then its best option is a simple process called fermentation. • Definition: releases energy from food molecules by making ATP in absence of oxygen • 2 types: • Lactic acid fermentation • Pyruvate Lactic acid + 2 NAD+ • Alcohol Fermentation • Pyruvate Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

  20. Fermentation Lactic Acid Alcohol • Lactate (lactic acid) produced • Used by humans in lack of O2 • Soreness in muscles • Used in dairy industry by bacteria to make cheese & yogurt • Ethanol and CO2 produced • Yeast – single-cell fungi • Usually uses aerobic • Can survive without oxygen with high amounts of glucose • Used in brewing, winemaking, and baking

  21. Diagrams of Fermentation Lactic Acid Alcohol

  22. Aerobic Respiration Option 2: If oxygen is present, then the organism will use aerobic respiration to get a lot “bang for its buck.”

  23. Watch: 6:30 – 8:22 Aerobic Respiration Overview Step 2 Step 1 Step 3

  24. Stages of Aerobic Respiration • Glycolysis • Kreb’s Cycle • Electron Transport Chain

  25. GLYCOLYSIS 2 ATP Glucose  Pyruvate +

  26. 2. Kreb’s Cycle • a.k.a Citric Acid Cycle • Aerobic – requires oxygen • Occurs in Matrix of Mitochondria • Products: • 2 ATP • 6 CO2 (waste) • 8 NADH (goes to electron transport chain) • 2 FADH (goes to electron transport chain)

  27. 3. Electron Transport Chain • Uses high energy electrons • 8 NADH/2 FADH2 from Kreb’s Cycle • 2 NADH from Glycolysis • Occurs on the inner membrane called the cristae • Oxygen is the final electron acceptor • Produces a whopping 34 ATP! Claymation ETC

  28. Electron Transport • Hydrogen Ion Movement • ATP Production through ATP synthase

  29. Glucose(C6H1206) + Oxygen(02) Glycolysis KrebsCycle ElectronTransportChain Carbon Dioxide (CO2) + Water (H2O) Summary of Cellular Respiration = 38 ATP - 2 ATP = 2 ATP = 2 NADH (3) - 2 ATP = 2 ATP = 8 NADH (3) = 2 FADH (2) = 34 ATP Net Reaction = 36 ATP Totals = 6 CO2, 10 NADH, 2 FADH, 36 ATP

  30. Poisons

  31. Pyruvate Pyruvate + O2 Alcoholic or Lactic Acid Krebs Cycle andETC Alcohol or lactic acid CO2 + H2O 2 36 Active Art Fermentation vs. Respiration

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