Presentation Transcript

1. Second Iraqi-U.S. war

   Joseph Ayers, Logan McMaster, Corey Standley
2. Key Dates •2001- Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan) •2002- UN Security Council passes Resolution 1441 •March 20, 2003- Invasion of Iraq begins •2004- first Afghan election •2004- Clashes in Afghanistan spill over into Pakistan •November 5, 2006- Saddam Hussein sentenced to death •December 30, 2006- Saddam Hussein executed •May 2, 2011- Osama Bin Laden killed •December 15, 2011- Complete withdrawal from Iraq
3. Casualties of Iraq and Afghanistan
4. Effect of invasion on Saddam Hussein regime •Hussein's regime had been sanctioned by the UN in 2002 for not adhering to international humanitarian law. •Elections were limited to the Ba’ath party, which consisted of only 8% of the population •Starting in the HW Bush and Clinton administrations, the CIA was given permission to topple the Hussein regime. •The Hussein regime was using the ambiguity surrounding WMDs to elude UN Resolution 687 while still retaining their prestige as the dominant force in the middle east. •The invasion of Iraq not only proved that they did not have WMDs but also ended the Hussein regime.
5. Desert Storm and Desert Shield
6. Rationales for March 2003 Invasion •There was ambiguity as to whether Iraq possessed Weapons of Mass Destruction. Hussein intentionally created this ambiguity to maintain power in the Middle East. •The Middle East is an oil-laden region. In a world where there is an increasing reliance on oil, Iraq would provide a steady supply of oil for the United States
7. The Green Zone An area in Baghdad converted from a Palace complex into the designated safe zone for media, foreign dignitaries and soldiers on leave within the city. Thought of as the oasis of the war, it is believed the Green Zone is also where the CIA staged many of its special operations from. The Green Zone is also known for being a loaded blackmarket for looted treasures from the Baghdad National Museum which was sacked after the United States formed coalition stormed the city. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UqZu3euaOHw The Green Zone was also the main staging point from which Blackwater, a literal mercenary army ( or ‘contracted security’) sent its forces from. Often regarded as the worst the military had to offer, the Blackwater group is comprised of military dropouts and discharged service members known for being shady and a tad overzealous in its civilian contracts. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aYqBA8i3-w8
8. Effect on US Elections 2004- During his first term, George W Bush’s popularity soared after the 9/11 attacks which transferred him into a wartime president. However, His popularity would not last. As death counts rose in both Afghanistan and Iraq, the war began to grow unpopular. This would not be enough to remove Bush from office. 2006- Bush’s unpopularity begins to show. The Democrat party makes gains in both the House and Senate. Democrats were +6 in senate, and +31 in the house. Showed the unpopularity of Bush’s domestic and foreign policies. 2008- America is unhappy with President Bush. After the 2007 recession, and 6 years of war in the Middle East, President Obama is elected.
9. Afghanistan War Purpose: The war in Afghanistan (2001-present) refers to the intervention by NATO and allied forces in the ongoing Afghan civil war. The war followed the terrorist attacks of Spetember 11, 2001, in an effort to dismantle al-Qaeda and eliminate its safe haven by removing the Taliban from power. Effect on Taliban and al-Qaeda in Afghanistan: The U.S. and allies drove the Taliban from power and built military bases near major cities across the country. Most al-Qaeda and Taliban were not captured, escaping to neighboring Pakistan or retreating to rural or remote mountainous regions.
10. Abu Ghraib Prison 2001: ~15,000 inmatesSaddam Hussein gave amnesty to most prisoners in Iraq. Prison was vandalized and looted after prison left empty Almost all of the documents relating to prisoners were burnt inside, leading to structural damage. From late 2003 to early 2004, during the Iraq War, military police personnel of the US Army and CIA committed human rights violations against prisoners held there. They physically and sexually abused, tortured, raped, sodomized, and killed prisoners. Summer of 2003 reports from Amnesty International of human rights abuses by the US and its coalition allies at detention centers and prisons throughout Iraq. June 13, 2003 a protest in the prison against indefinite detentions without trial Amnesty International received reports of torture or ill-treatment by coalition forces like prolonged sleep deprivation, prolonged restraint in painful positions - sometimes combined with exposure to loud music, prolonged hanging and exposure to bright lights. U.S. Brigadier General Janis Karpinski, at the time in charge of all U.S.. detention facilities in iraq, claimed that Prisoners were being treated “humanely and fairly” according to the Associated Press Legal Cases against U.S. military Personnel, AP reports Between May 2004 and March 2006, eleven soldiers were convicted in courts-martial, sentenced to military prison, and dishonorably discharged from service. Specialist Charles Graner and his former fiancee Specialist Lynndie England were sentenced to ten years and three years in prison, respectively Brigadier General Janis Karpinski was reprimanded for dereliction of duty and demoted to the rank of corporal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EEX8WeZU2wA
11. Osama Bin Laden Abbottabad, Pakistan - On May 2, 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed inside a private residential compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, by members of the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group and Central Intelligence Agency SAD/SOG operators in a covert operation ordered by U.S. President Barack Obama. Al-Qaeda – Founded by Osama bin Laden, along with Abdullah Azzam among others. Osama bin Laden was the most historically notable emir, or commander, and Senior Operations Chief of al-Qaeda prior to his assassination on May 1, 2011 by US forces.
12. bin Laden continued Rationale - According to former CIA analyst Michael Scheuer, who led the CIA's hunt for Osama bin Laden, the al-Qaeda leader was motivated by a belief that U.S. foreign policy has oppressed, killed, or otherwise harmed Muslims in the Middle East, condensed in the phrase, "They hate us for what we do, not who we are." Bin Laden also said only the restoration of Sharia law would "set things right" in the Muslim world. He opposed such alternatives as "pan-Arabism, socialism, communism, democracy." This belief, in conjunction with violent jihad, has sometimes been called Qutbism after being promoted by Sayyid Qutb. Bin Laden believed that Afghanistan, under the rule of Mullah Omar's Taliban, was "the only Islamic country" in the Muslim world. Bin Laden consistently dwelt on the need for violent jihad to right what he believed were injustices against Muslims perpetrated by the United States and sometimes by other non-Muslim states. He also called for eliminating the state of Israel, and forcing the United States to withdraw from the Middle East. He called on Americans to "reject the immoral acts of fornication, homosexuality, intoxicants, gambling, and usury", in an October 2002 letter. Bin Laden's ideology included the concept that civilians, including women and children, are legitimate targets of jihad. Bin Laden was anti-Semitic, and delivered warnings against alleged Jewish conspiracies: "These Jews are masters of usury and leaders in treachery. They will leave you nothing, either in this world or the next." Shia Muslims have been listed along with "heretics, [...] America, and Israel" as the four principal "enemies of Islam" at ideology classes of bin Laden's al-Qaeda organization. Bin Laden opposed music on religious grounds, and his attitude towards technology was mixed. He was interested in "earth-moving machinery and genetic engineering of plants" on the one hand, but rejected "chilled water" on the other. Bin Laden's overall strategy against much larger enemies such as the Soviet Union and United States was to lure them into a long war of attrition in Muslim countries, attracting large numbers of jihadists who would never surrender. He believed this would lead to economic collapse of the enemy nations. Al-Qaeda manuals clearly express this strategy. In a 2004 tape broadcast by al-Jazeera, bin Laden spoke of "bleeding America to the point of bankruptcy".