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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Population Key Issue 2. Key Issue 2 Where has the World’s Population Increased?. Population increases QUICKLY in places where…. More people are born than die Population increases SLOWLY in places where…. Number of births exceed number of deaths by small margin

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 Population Key Issue 2

  2. Key Issue 2Where has the World’s Population Increased? • Population increases QUICKLY in places where…. • More people are born than die • Population increases SLOWLY in places where…. • Number of births exceed number of deaths by small margin • Population decreases in places where… • deaths outnumber births

  3. Natural Increase • Geographers use 3 measures to examine population change • CBR: total number of live births in a year for every 1000 alive in society • CDR: total number of deaths in a year for every 1000 alive in society

  4. Natural Increase • NIR: Percentage by which population grows in a year. • Convert CBR & CDR into percentages • CBR of 20 = 2%, CDR of 5 is 0.5% • SubractCDR from CBR • 2%- 0.5% = ______% • 1.5% NIR

  5. Natural Increase • 2000-2010: World NIR was 1.2 • Current population is over 7billion • What will the population be in 2 years?

  6. Natural Increase • Small percentage makes HUGE difference • 2006 population: 6.6 billion x 1.2 NIR= 80 million people (about 1/4 of US pop) NIR affects doubling time = amount of time it takes to double a population

  7. At current NIR rate of 1.2, global population will reach 24 billion by 2100

  8. Natural Increase • Almost 100% of increased population is in LDCs: Africa, Asia, Latin America, Mid East • Exceeds 2% in most LDCs • 0% growth in Europe (negative #) • Natural Population is declining (does NOT include migration)

  9. NIR in LDCs

  10. Natural Increase • Most of world’s additional people live in countries that CANNOT support them

  11. Fertility • Highest CBRs are in sub-Saharan Africa (40), lowest in Europe (10) • TFR: total fertility rate measures average number of children a woman will have in her childbearing age (15-49) • Predicts future behavior • TFR in Sub-Saharan Africa = 6+ • TFR in Europe = >2

  12. Total Fertility Rate

  13. Mortality • In addition to CDR, IMR and life expectancy are used to measure mortality • IMR: annual number of deaths of infants under 1yrs old, compared to live births • Highest IMR in sub-Saharan Africa, lowest in W.Europe

  14. Infant Mortality Rate • IMR exceeds 100 in Africa • 10% of babies die before 1stbday • Reflects a country’s health-care system • Low IMRs have well-trained Drs, modern hospitals, medicine • Why does US have higher IMR than Canada & Europe???? • Minorities & poverty often cannot afford good healthcare

  15. Life Expectancy • Measures average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live • More favorable in wealthy countries (W Europe), lower in poor countries (Africa) • Western Europe = 70s • Sub-Saharan Africa = 40s

  16. MDCs vs LDCs • Natural Increase Rate • Crude Birth Rate • Total Fertility • Infant Mortality • Life Expectancy ALL follow similar trends!!!! MDCs vs LDS

  17. Crude Death Rate • Does not follow familiar pattern • Which has higher CDR? • US or Mexico? • Denmark or Mongolia? • Populations are at different states in the Demographic Transition (Key Issue 3)

  18. Key Issue 2 Summary • Virtually all the world’s natural increase is concentrated in the relatively poor countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America. In contrast, most European and North American countries now have low population growth rates and some are experiencing population declines. The difference in natural increase between MDCs and LDCs is attributable to differences in CBRs rather than in CDRs

  19. What is crude birth rate? • Total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people

  20. With a partner… • Analyze each map in Key Issue 2 • Each of you comes up with a question comparing the data. • Ask each other your questions to be answered

  21. What is crude death rate? • Total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society

  22. What is NIR? • The percentage by which a population grows in a year • (subtract CDR from CBR)

  23. What is the NIR today? • 1.2 for the first decade of the 21st century

  24. When did global NIR peak? • 1963 with a peak of 2.2%

  25. About how many people are being added to the world’s population each year? • About 80 million people

  26. Define doubling time • Number of years needed to double a population • (assuming a constant rate of natural increase)

  27. In what world regions is most growth occurring? • Clustered in LDCs • Africa, Asia, Latin America & the Middle East • NIR exceeds 2% • Negative NIR in Europe

  28. Define total fertility rate • The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years (roughly ages 15 to 49)

  29. Define infant mortality rate • The annual number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age compared with total live births

  30. Define life expectancy • Measures the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live at current mortality levels

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